Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(12), С. 2959 - 2959

Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in “Long COVID”: pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Long COVID is characterized by persistent signs and symptoms that continue or develop for more than 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with experience a cardiovascular autonomic imbalance known as dysautonomia. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Current hypotheses include neurotropism, cytokine storms, inflammatory persistence. Certain immunological factors indicate autoimmune dysfunction, which can be used to identify patients at higher risk of COVID. Heart rate variability imbalances in individuals suffering from COVID, measurement non-invasive low-cost method assessing modulation. Additionally, biochemical markers are diagnosing monitoring These improve understanding driving response its effects on sympathetic parasympathetic pathways nervous system. Autonomic may result lower heart variability, impaired vagal activity, substantial sympathovagal imbalance. New research subject must encouraged enhance long-term risks cause

Язык: Английский

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Characterisation, symptom pattern and symptom clusters from a retrospective cohort of Long COVID patients in primary care in Catalonia

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Background Around 10% of people infected by SARS-COV-2 report symptoms that persist longer than 3 months. Little has been reported about sex differences in and clustering over time non-hospitalised patients primary care settings. Methods This is a descriptive study cohort mainly non-hospitalized with persistence months from the clinical onset co-creation Long Covid Catalan affected group using an online survey. Recruitment was March 2020 to June 2021. Exclusion criteria were being admitted ICU, < 18 years age not living Catalonia. We focused on 117 gathered groups performed cluster analysis first 21 days infection, at 22–60 days, ≥ Results analysed responses 905 participants (80.3% women). Median between symptom questionnaire response date 8.7 General (as fatigue) most prevalent no sex, age, or wave although its frequency decreased (from 91.8 78.3%). Dermatological (52.1% women, 28.5% men), olfactory (34.9% 20.9% men) neurocognitive (70.1% 55.8% showed greatest sex. Cluster five clusters predominance Taste & smell (24.9%) Multisystemic (26.5%) baseline _Multisystemic (34.59%) Heterogeneous (24.0%) ≥3 The more men. Menstrual stable time, while transitions occurred . Conclusions both sexes three-time cut-off points. Major observed dermatological, symptoms. increase might suggest adaptation non-specific evolution condition which can hinder detection medical appointments. A carefully collection patients’ participation research may generate useful knowledge presentation

Язык: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic review on advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging findings

Neurological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(5), С. 1815 - 1833

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) in older adults

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Generation and characterization of a humanized ACE2 mouse model to study long‐term impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Although the COVID‐19 pandemic has officially ended, persistent challenge of long‐COVID or post‐acute COVID sequelae (PASC) continues to impact societies globally, highlighting urgent need for ongoing research into its mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Our team recently developed a novel humanized ACE2 mouse model (hACE2ki) designed explicitly long‐COVID/PASC research. This exhibits human expression in tissue cell‐specific patterns akin Ace2. When we exposed young adult hACE2ki mice (6 weeks old) various SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages, including WA, Delta, Omicron, at dose 5 × 10 PFU/mouse via nasal instillation, demonstrated distinctive phenotypes characterized by differences viral load lung, trachea, turbinate, weight loss, changes pro‐inflammatory cytokines immune cell profiles bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Notably, no mortality was observed this age group. Further, assess model's relevance studies, investigated tau protein pathologies, which are linked Alzheimer's disease, brains these post infection. findings revealed accumulation longitudinal propagation tau, confirming potential our preclinical studies long‐COVID.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis

Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Role of Viral Persistence in the Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC)

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 388 - 388

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

The infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated not only with the development of disease but also long-term symptoms or post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Multiple lines evidence support that some viral antigens and RNA can persist for up to 15 months in multiple organs body, often after apparent clearance from upper system, possibly leading persistence symptoms. Activation immune system observed a prolonged time, providing indirect elements infection. In gastrointestinal tract, could stimulate shaping local microbiota potential systemic effects. All these interactions need be investigated, taking into account predisposing factors, multiplicity pathogenic mechanisms, stratifying populations vulnerable individuals, particularly women, children, immunocompromised where may present additional challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 condition in pregnant and postpartum women: a long-term follow-up, observational prospective study

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67, С. 102398 - 102398

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

BackgroundPost-COVID-19 condition has recently been defined as new or persistent common COVID-19 symptoms occurring three months after disease onset. The pathology of the is unclear, but immune and vascular factors seem to play a significant role. incidence, severity, implications infection in pregnancy have not established. We aimed study incidence main risk for post-COVID-19 an obstetric population their maternal perinatal morbimortality.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort undertaken including women during at admission labour with acute from March 9th, 2020 June 11th, 2022. inclusion criteria were confirmed recruitment period, lack language barrier consent follow-up. Patients clinically followed-up by telephone via semi structured questionnaires. exclusion loss follow-up, spontaneous miscarriage, legal termination pregnancy. classified into groups according severity included patients first six waves pandemic national epidemiological data Spain. studied demographic, clinical factors.FindingsA total 409 pregnant recruited diagnosis, 286 followed-up. mean time follow-up was 92 weeks (standard deviation ± 28 weeks; median 100 (Interquartile range: 76; 112)). A 140 had least one symptom infection. Neurological (60%) cutaneous (55%) manifestations most frequent findings. following profiles identified presenting higher condition: migrant born countries lower Human Development Index; multiparous women; pregnancy, mainly third trimesters, second pandemic; who number symptoms; moderate severe required hospitalisation due complications; vaccinated before did find any difference results, such gestational week delivery, birthweight, need neonatal care 5-min Apgar score, newborns benefited high rate breastfeeding discharge. Women infected successive constant decrease comparing estimated wave (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.92). Symptoms tended resolve over heterogeneously. myalgia arthralgia took longer (mean 60 54 weeks, respectively). In small proportion patients, neurological psycho-emotional become chronic 90 weeks.InterpretationAt 34.2% our presented symptoms. Demographic characteristics well specific pregnancy-related identified. This assess women. Further analysis on biological pathophysiology needed explain disease.FundingThis funded Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through project "PI21/01244" co-funded European Union, P2022/BMD-7321 (Comunidad Madrid) ProACapital, Halekulani S.L. MJR.

Язык: Английский

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Bridging internalized HIV stigma and depressive symptoms among people living with HIV in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Previous research has documented that HIV-related stigma may be a significant trigger of mental health problems among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, less is known about how internalized linked to depressive symptoms PLWH during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study sought explore network structure and symptoms, along bridge nodes, elucidate they co-exist. Participants were 1,197 Chinese (64.3% male, M age = 41.52, SD 9.20) who completed measurements early phase outbreak (May 2020). Results revealed “ashamed having HIV” was identified as most central nodes in network, whereas “mind wandered tasks” ranked highest on centrality network. Two connections exhibited within combined model: “inferiority due “gloomy feelings” from communities, respectively. This one first examine co-occurrence context pandemic using approach. These findings have potential clinical implications for mitigating populations facing socioeconomic disadvantage vulnerability.

Язык: Английский

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