Cognitive-Affective Functions of the Cerebellum

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(45), С. 7554 - 7564

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor coordination and balance, also plays a crucial role in various aspects of higher-order function dysfunction. Emerging research has shed light on the cerebellum's broader contributions to cognitive, emotional, reward processes. influence autonomic further highlights its significance regulating motivational emotional states. Perturbations cerebellar development have been implicated neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An increasing appreciation for neuropsychiatric symptoms that arise from dysfunction underscores importance elucidating circuit mechanisms underlie complex interactions between cerebellum other brain regions comprehensive understanding behavior. By briefly discussing new advances mapping affective, autonomic, social processing reviewing neuropathology beyond domain, this Mini-Symposium review aims provide broad perspective intersections limbic health disease.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellum Lecture: the Cerebellar Nuclei—Core of the Cerebellum

The Cerebellum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(2), С. 620 - 677

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

Abstract The cerebellum is a key player in many brain functions and major topic of neuroscience research. However, the cerebellar nuclei (CN), main output structures cerebellum, are often overlooked. This neglect because research on typically focuses cortex tends to treat CN as relatively simple conveying an inverted signal from rest brain. In this review, by adopting nucleocentric perspective we aim rectify impression. First, describe anatomy modularity comprehensively integrate architecture with its highly organized but complex afferent efferent connectivity. followed novel classification specific neuronal classes comprise speculate implications structure physiology for our understanding adult function. Based thorough review literature provide comprehensive overview embryonic development and, comparing various chordate clades, propose interpretation evolution. Despite their critical importance function, clinical intriguingly few, if any, neurological disorders appear primarily affect CN. To highlight curious anomaly, encourage future interpretations, build brief syndromes which currently implicated. Finally, summarize perspectives that view brings, move outstanding issues biology limelight, roadmap questions need be answered order create integrated model structure, development,

Язык: Английский

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The cerebellum and its connections to other brain structures involved in motor and non-motor functions: A comprehensive review

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 465, С. 114933 - 114933

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Novel Cerebello-Amygdala Connections Provide Missing Link Between Cerebellum and Limbic System

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

The cerebellum is emerging as a powerful regulator of cognitive and affective processing memory in both humans animals has been implicated disorders. How the supports function remains poorly understood. short-latency (just few milliseconds) functional connections that were identified between amygdala-a structure crucial for emotion valence-more than four decades ago raise exciting, yet untested, possibility cerebellum-amygdala pathway communicates information important emotion. major hurdle rigorously testing this lack knowledge about anatomy connectivity pathway. Our initial anatomical tracing studies mice excluded existence direct monosynaptic connection amygdala. Using transneuronal techniques, we have novel disynaptic circuit cerebellar output nuclei basolateral This recruits understudied intralaminar thalamus node. ex vivo optophysiology super-resolution microscopy, provide first evidence functionality pathway, thus offering missing mechanistic link discovery provides blueprint key limbic system. As such, it requisite step toward obtaining new emotion, fundamentally advancing understanding neurobiology which perturbed mental autism spectrum

Язык: Английский

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The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: A matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 164, С. 105830 - 105830

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Mirror neurons show activity during both the execution (AE) and observation of actions (AO). The Neuron System (MNS) could be involved motor imagery (MI) as well. Extensive research suggests that cerebellum is interconnected with MNS may critically in its activities. We gathered evidence on cerebellum's role functions, theoretically experimentally. Evidence shows plays a major AO MI lesions impair functions likely because, by modulating cortical inhibitory interneurons mirror properties, contribute to visuomotor matching, which fundamental for shaping properties. Indeed, strengthen sensory-motor patterns minimise discrepancy between predicted actual outcome, AE AO. Furthermore, through connections hippocampus, might internal simulations programs MI. Finally, cerebellar neuromodulation improve impact activity, we explored potential neurophysiological neurorehabilitation implications.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar nuclei neurons projecting to the lateral parabrachial nucleus modulate classical fear conditioning

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(4), С. 112291 - 112291

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Multiple brain regions are engaged in classical fear conditioning. Despite evidence for cerebellar involvement conditioning, the mechanisms by which outputs modulate learning and memory remain unclear. We identify a population of deep nucleus (DCN) neurons with monosynaptic glutamatergic projections to lateral parabrachial (lPBN) (DCN→lPBN neurons) mice. While optogenetic suppression DCN→lPBN impairs auditory memory, activation elicits freezing behavior only after Moreover, conditioning potentiates DCN-lPBN synapses, subsequently, cue activates lPBN Furthermore, neuron can replace but not footshock These findings demonstrate that nuclei via transmitting conditioned stimuli signals lPBN. Collectively, our suggest circuit is part neuronal substrates within interconnected underscoring memory.

Язык: Английский

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The little brain and the seahorse: Cerebellar-hippocampal interactions

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

There is a growing appreciation for the cerebellum beyond its role in motor function and accumulating evidence that hippocampus interact across range of brain states behaviors. Acute chronic manipulations, simultaneous recordings, imaging studies together indicate coordinated coactivation bidirectional functional connectivity relevant various physiological functions, including spatiotemporal processing. This likely supported by multiple circuit paths. It also important temporal lobe epilepsy: impacted seizures epilepsy, modulation cerebellar circuitry can be an effective strategy to inhibit hippocampal seizures. review highlights some recent key hippobellum literature.

Язык: Английский

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Variations on the theme: focus on cerebellum and emotional processing

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

The cerebellum operates exploiting a complex modular organization and unified computational algorithm adapted to different behavioral contexts. Recent observations suggest that the is involved not just in motor but also emotional cognitive processing. It therefore critical identify specific regional connectivity microcircuit properties of cerebellum. studies are highlighting differential localization genes, molecules, synaptic mechanisms wiring. However, impact these differences fully understood will require experimental investigation modeling. This review focuses on cellular circuit underpinnings cerebellar role emotion. And since emotion involves an integration cognitive, somatomotor, autonomic activity, we elaborate tradeoff between segregation distribution three main functions

Язык: Английский

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Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter

Toxics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(4), С. 164 - 164

Опубликована: Март 29, 2022

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic dopaminergic nuclei cerebellum their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years seven older 63 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al Zn spherical acicular were identified SN, LC cerebellar neural vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early progressive neurovascular damage endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 1 nm Hg 8 2 seen predominantly SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins play role altering obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful evaluating neurodegeneration risk urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high development lethal neurologic outcomes. emissions sources ought be clearly recognized, regulated, monitored; future generations at stake.

Язык: Английский

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The cerebellum's understated role and influences in the epilepsies

Neurobiology of Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 183, С. 106160 - 106160

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Approximately 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy their lifetime, but current treatment options leave as many half of all patients with uncontrolled seizures. In addition to the burden seizures themselves, chronic can be associated cognitive deficits, structural changes, and devastating negative outcomes such sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). Thus, major challenges research surround need both new therapeutic targets for intervention well shed light on mechanisms by which lead comorbidities outcomes. Despite not being traditionally or seizures, cerebellum has emerged only a brain region that serve an important target seizure control, one may also profoundly impacted epilepsy. Here, we discuss targeting potential pathway insights gained from recent optogenetic studies. We then review observations cerebellar alterations during epilepsy, focus. Cerebellar critical patient outcomes, highlighting more comprehensive understanding appreciation epilepsies.

Язык: Английский

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