Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 651 - 651

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by progressive decline in the physical function of organism and an increased risk age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, (ix) altered communication. All these alterations been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, mechanisms contribute timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, dysfunction one most important contributing process. Mitochondria primary endogenous source reactive oxygen species (ROS). During ATP production elevated ROS together with antioxidant defense. Elevated levels can cause oxidative stress severe damage cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, proteins. This contributes phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances emphasis on production.

Язык: Английский

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Long Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4), С. 2268 - 2268

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are gradually becoming a burden to society. The adverse effects mortality/morbidity rates associated with these NDDs cause of many healthcare concerns. pathologic alterations related mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, which further stimulate the progression NDDs. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted ample attention as critical mediators in pathology However, there is significant gap understanding biological function, molecular mechanisms, potential importance lncRNAs This review documents current research on their implications We summarize implication serve novel therapeutic targets biomarkers for patients

Язык: Английский

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Sirtuins at the Crossroads between Mitochondrial Quality Control and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Structure, Regulation, Modifications, and Modulators

Aging and Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(3), С. 794 - 794

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes, are key regulators life span and metabolism. In addition to acting as deacetylates, some sirtuins have the properties deacylase, decrotonylase, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, deglutarylase, demyristolyase. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early on acts causally in pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's (HD). implicated regulation mitochondrial quality control, which is highly associated with diseases. There growing evidence indicating that promising well-documented molecular targets for treatment disorders by regulating biogenesis, mitophagy, fission/fusion dynamics, unfolded protein responses (mtUPR). Therefore, elucidation etiology sirtuin-mediated control points new prospects However, mechanisms underlying remain obscure. this review, we update summarize current understanding structure, function, an emphasis cumulative putative effects biology particularly their roles control. addition, outline potential therapeutic applications diseases targeting through exercise training, calorie restriction, sirtuin modulators

Язык: Английский

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Associations of BDNF/BDNF-AS SNPs with Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(9), С. 1395 - 1395

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is crucial for various aspects of neuronal development and function, including synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, supporting differentiation, growth, survival. It involved in the formation preservation dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, cholinergic neurons, facilitating efficient stimulus transmission within system contributing to learning, memory, overall cognition. Furthermore, BDNF demonstrates involvement neuroinflammation showcases neuroprotective effects. In contrast, antisense RNA (BDNF-AS) linked regulation control BDNF, its suppression neurotoxicity, apoptosis, decreased cell viability. This review article aims comprehensively overview significance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) BDNF/BDNF-AS genes psychiatric conditions, with a specific focus on their associations depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder. The independent influence each gene variation, as well interplay between SNPs linkage disequilibrium, environmental factors, early-life experiences, interactions other genes, lead alterations brain architecture shaping vulnerability mental health disorders. potential translational applications polymorphism knowledge can revolutionize personalized medicine, predict disease susceptibility, treatment outcomes, guide selection interventions tailored individual patients.

Язык: Английский

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Long Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles and Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(21), С. 13171 - 13171

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has currently no effective treatment; however, preventive measures have the potential to reduce AD risk. Thus, accurate and early prediction of risk is an important strategy alleviate burden. Neuroinflammation a major factor prompting onset disease. Inflammation exerts its toxic effect via multiple mechanisms. Amongst others, it affecting gene expression modulation non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs. Recent evidence supports that inflammation can also affect long RNA (lncRNA) expression. While association between miRNAs in been studied, role lncRNAs neurodegenerative diseases less explored. In this review, we focus on context AD. Furthermore, since plasma-isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized monitoring for brain pathologies, focused studies reporting dysregulated EVs isolated from patients controls. The revised literature shows positive pro-inflammatory However, reports evaluating lncRNA alterations plasma controls, although still limited, confirm value specific associated with reliable biomarkers. This emerging field will open new avenues improve patient stratification, may lead discovery novel therapeutic targets

Язык: Английский

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Ageing-associated long non-coding RNA extends lifespan and reduces translation in non-dividing cells

EMBO Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 4921 - 4949

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2024

Genomes produce widespread long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of largely unknown functions. We characterize aal1 (ageing-associated lncRNA), which is induced in quiescent fission yeast cells. Deletion shortens the chronological lifespan non-dividing cells, while ectopic overexpression prolongs their lifespan, indicating that acts trans. Overexpression represses ribosomal-protein gene expression and inhibits cell growth, genetically interacts with coding genes functioning protein translation. The lncRNA localizes to cytoplasm associates ribosomes. Notably, decreases cellular ribosome content binds rpl1901 mRNA, encoding a ribosomal protein. levels are reduced ~2-fold by aal1, sufficient extend lifespan. Remarkably, Drosophila boosts fly propose reduces decreasing Rpl1901 levels, thus attenuating translational capacity promoting longevity. Although not conserved, its effect flies suggests animals feature related mechanisms modulate ageing, based on conserved machinery.

Язык: Английский

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LncRNAs Orchestrating Neuroinflammation: A Comprehensive Review

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

CNS diseases account for a major part of the comorbidity and mortality human population; moreover, neuroinflammation has become an indication different diseases, instance, Parkinson's Alzheimer's disease. Microglia astrocytes are two main glial cells that can be found in CNS. Each these plays important role mediating immune responses like inflammation. There many studies suggesting LncRNAs neuroinflammation. Indeed, orchestrate through various mechanisms, namely miRNA sponge, transcriptional activation/inhibition. In addition, regulate downstream pathways NF-κB, PI3K/AKT. this study, we gathered existing regarding mechanisms action pathogenesis neurodegenerative traumatic injuries regulating We aim to elaborate on regulatory roles bring more profound understanding etiology terms

Язык: Английский

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Molecular hallmarks of long non-coding RNAs in aging and its significant effect on aging-associated diseases

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(5), С. 959 - 959

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2022

Aging is linked to the deterioration of many physical and cognitive abilities leading risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The growing aging population a significant healthcare problem globally that researchers must investigate better understand underlying processes. Advances in microarrays sequencing techniques have resulted deeper analyses diverse essential genomes (e.g., mouse, human, rat) their corresponding cell types, organ-specific transcriptomes, tissue involved aging. Traditional gene controllers such as DNA- RNA-binding proteins significantly influence programs, causing need sort out long non-coding RNAs, new class powerful regulatory elements. However, functional significance process senescence has yet be investigated identified. Several recent associated initiation development mammals with several well-reported novel RNAs. In this review article, we identified analyzed evolving functions RNAs cellular processes, including senescence, aging, age-related pathogenesis, which are major hallmarks

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the landscape of tools and resources for the analysis of long non-coding RNAs

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21, С. 4706 - 4716

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Long Noncoding RNAs in Tissue Regeneration and Senescence

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 119 - 119

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Overcoming senescence with tissue engineering has a promising impact on multiple diseases. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies in which cellular was inhibited through the up/downregulation specific lncRNAs. This approach prevented bones, joints, nervous system, heart, and blood vessels, potential regeneration prevention osteoarthritis osteoporosis, as well neurodegenerative cardiovascular Senescence skin liver could also be regulation levels lncRNAs, resulting rejuvenation cells from these organs their protection disease. From exciting achievements, support are not restricted to stem cells, propose lncRNA RNA or gene therapies prospective preventive therapeutic against aging aging-related

Язык: Английский

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