The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 400(10359), С. 1224 - 1280

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Countering Misinformation and Fake News Through Inoculation and Prebunking

European Review of Social Psychology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(2), С. 348 - 384

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

There has been increasing concern with the growing infusion of misinformation, or "fake news", into public discourse and politics in many western democracies. Our article first briefly reviews current state literature on conventional countermeasures to misinformation. We then explore proactive measures prevent misinformation from finding traction place that is based psychological theory "inoculation". Inoculation rests idea if people are forewarned they might be misinformed exposed weakened examples ways which misled, will become more immune review a number techniques can boost people's resilience ranging general warnings specific instructions about misleading (rhetorical) techniques. show available evidence, inoculation appears promising avenue help protect news".

Язык: Английский

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The impact of fake news on social media and its influence on health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(7), С. 1007 - 1016

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2021

As the new coronavirus disease propagated around world, rapid spread of news caused uncertainty in population. False has taken over social media, becoming part life for many people. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, through a systematic review, impact media on dissemination infodemic knowing and its impacts health. A search was performed MedLine, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scielo databases from January 1, 2020, May 11, 2021. Studies that addressed fake patients healthcare professionals world were included. It possible methodologically assess quality selected studies using Loney Newcastle–Ottawa Scales. Fourteen eligible inclusion, consisting six cross-sectional eight descriptive observational studies. Through questionnaires, five included measures anxiety or psychological distress by misinformation; another seven assessed feeling fear, uncertainty, panic, addition attacks health people Asian origin. By analyzing phenomenon health, it observe knowledge can cause disorders depression, fatigue.

Язык: Английский

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The i-frame and the s-frame: How focusing on individual-level solutions has led behavioral public policy astray

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 46

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2022

An influential line of thinking in behavioral science, to which the two authors have long subscribed, is that many society's most pressing problems can be addressed cheaply and effectively at level individual, without modifying system individual operates. We now believe this was a mistake, along with, we suspect, colleagues both academic policy communities. Results from such interventions been disappointingly modest. But more importantly, they guided (though by no means all) scientists frame not systemic, terms: To adopt what call "i-frame," rather than "s-frame." The difference may consequential i-frame advocates realized, deflecting attention support away s-frame policies. Indeed, highlighting long-established objective corporate opponents concerted systemic action as regulation taxation. illustrate our argument briefly for six problems, depth with examples climate change, obesity, retirement savings, pollution plastic waste. argue important way contribute public employing their skills develop implement value-creating system-level change.

Язык: Английский

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COVID‐19 vaccination intention in the first year of the pandemic: A systematic review

Journal of Clinical Nursing, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(1-2), С. 62 - 86

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2021

To synthesise evidence regarding vaccination intention, identify factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals and the general populations globally.

Язык: Английский

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Acceptance of a Covid-19 vaccine is associated with ability to detect fake news and health literacy

Journal of Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 43(4), С. 695 - 702

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic fake news has been circulating impacting on general population's opinion about a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Health literacy measures capacity of navigating health information.We used data from prospective national online cohort 1647 participants. Descriptive statistics, Chi2 and ANOVA independence tests two multivariable multinomial regression models were performed. Interactions between each variable tested.Detection scores associated with intention to get vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 (p < 0.01). The risk being "anti-vaccination" or "hesitant", rather than "pro-vaccination", was higher among individuals reporting bad detection news, respectively OR = 1.93 (95%CI [1.30;2.87]) 1.80 [1.29;2.52]). in "pro-vaccination" having score (OR 1.44; 95%CI [1.04;2.00]). No interaction found literacy.To promote acceptance SARS-CoV-2, it is recommended increase individuals' ability detect through education communication programs.

Язык: Английский

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A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 611(7935), С. 332 - 345

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022

Abstract Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic behavioural factors continue to undercut the response COVID-19 pandemic 1,2 . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government other experts in from 112 countries territories recommend specific actions end persistent global threat public health. The developed set 41 consensus statements 57 recommendations governments, health systems, industry key stakeholders across six domains: communication; systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment care; inequities. In wake nearly three years fragmented national responses, it is instructive note that highest-ranked call for adoption whole-of-society whole-of-government approaches 1 , while maintaining proven prevention measures using vaccines-plus approach 2 employs range financial support complement vaccination. Other with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments improve communication, rebuild trust engage communities 3 management responses. findings which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points unanimous agreement, well >5% disagreement, provide social policy address inadequacies help bring an end.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 false dichotomies and a comprehensive review of the evidence regarding public health, COVID-19 symptomatology, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mask wearing, and reinfection

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2021

Scientists across disciplines, policymakers, and journalists have voiced frustration at the unprecedented polarization misinformation around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several false dichotomies been used to polarize debates while oversimplifying complex issues. In this comprehensive narrative review, we deconstruct six common COVID-19 dichotomies, address evidence on these topics, identify insights relevant effective pandemic responses, highlight knowledge gaps uncertainties. The topics of review are: 1) Health lives vs. economy livelihoods, 2) Indefinite lockdown unlimited reopening, 3) Symptomatic asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, 4) Droplet aerosol transmission SARS-CoV-2, 5) Masks for all no masking, 6) SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reinfection. We discuss importance multidisciplinary integration (health, social, physical sciences), multilayered approaches reducing risk ("Emmentaler cheese model"), harm reduction, smart relaxation interventions, context-sensitive policymaking response plans. also challenges in understanding broad clinical presentation COVID-19, transmission, These key issues science public health policy presented as during However, they are hardly binary, simple, or uniform, therefore should not be framed polar extremes. urge a nuanced caution against black-or-white messaging, all-or-nothing guidance, one-size-fits-all approaches. There is need meaningful communication science-informed policies that recognize shades gray, uncertainties, local context, social determinants health.

Язык: Английский

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The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 “Infodemic”: A systematic review using narrative synthesis

Information Processing & Management, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 58(6), С. 102713 - 102713

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Strategies to Support the COVID-19 Vaccination with Evidence-Based Communication and Tackling Misinformation

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(2), С. 109 - 109

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

COVID-19 vaccinations are about to begin in various countries or already ongoing. This is an unprecedented operation that also met with a loud response from anti-vaccine communities—currently using all available channels manipulate public opinion. At the same time, strategy educate on vaccinations, explain their mechanism of action, and build trust science subdued different world parts. Such actions should go much beyond campaigns promoting vaccines solely information provided by health institutions national authorities. In this paper, independent expert groups needed counteract propaganda provide scientific-based general offered. These encompass organizing continuously communicating public; tracking tackling emerging circulating fake news; equipping celebrities politicians scientific ensure quality messages they communicate, as well letters, statements support for vaccination healthcare workers, recognized scientists, VIPs, societies; no tolerance false manipulated claims spread via traditional social media professionals, academics. activities be promptly implemented worldwide, regardless current status availability vaccine particular region. If we control pandemic sake benefit, it high time collectively speak out academic medical societies decision-makers. Otherwise, battle will lost those who stand against evidence while offering feasible solution problem.

Язык: Английский

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