Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(11), С. 1953 - 1953
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Glutathione
(GSH)
is
a
ubiquitous
tripeptide
that
biosynthesized
in
situ
at
high
concentrations
(1-5
mM)
and
involved
the
regulation
of
cellular
homeostasis
via
multiple
mechanisms.
The
main
known
action
GSH
its
antioxidant
capacity,
which
aids
maintaining
redox
cycle
cells.
To
this
end,
peroxidases
contribute
to
scavenging
various
forms
ROS
RNS.
A
generally
underestimated
mechanism
direct
nucleophilic
interaction
with
electrophilic
compounds
yielding
thioether
S-conjugates.
Many
compounds,
including
xenobiotics
(such
as
NAPQI,
simvastatin,
cisplatin,
barbital)
intrinsic
menadione,
leukotrienes,
prostaglandins,
dopamine),
form
covalent
adducts
leading
mainly
their
detoxification.
In
present
article,
we
wish
key
role
significance
biology.
This
includes
an
update
on
formation
GSH-S
conjugates
or
emphasis
given
reaction,
dependence
GST
(GSH
S-transferase),
where
conjugation
occurs
tissues,
significance.
uncovering
adducts'
enhances
our
knowledge
human
metabolome.
GSH-hematin
were
recently
shown
have
been
formed
spontaneously
multiples
isomers
hemolysates,
structural
destabilization
endogenous
toxin,
hematin
(free
heme),
derived
from
released
hemoglobin.
Moreover,
hemin
(the
oxidized
heme)
has
found
act
through
Kelch-like
ECH
associated
protein
1
(Keap1)-nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
factor-2
(Nrf2)
signaling
pathway
epigenetic
modulator
metabolism.
Last
but
not
least,
implications
genetic
defects
metabolism,
recorded
hemolytic
syndromes,
cancer
other
pathologies,
are
presented
discussed
under
framework
conceptualizing
S-conjugates
could
be
regarded
signatures
metabolism
diseased
state.
Redox Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
67, С. 102917 - 102917
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023
Despite
intensive
research
on
peroxisome
biochemistry,
the
role
of
glutathione
in
peroxisomal
redox
homeostasis
has
remained
a
matter
speculation
for
many
years,
and
only
recently
this
issue
started
to
be
experimentally
addressed.
Here,
we
summarize
compare
data
from
several
organisms
peroxisome-glutathione
topic.
It
is
clear
comparison
that
repertoire
glutathione-utilizing
enzymes
peroxisomes
different
varies
widely.
In
addition,
available
suggest
kinetic
connectivity
between
cytosolic
pools
may
also
organisms,
with
some
possessing
membrane
promptly
permeable
whereas
others
not
case.
However,
regardless
differences,
picture
emerges
all
these
crucial
component
antioxidative
system
operates
inside
organisms.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(2), С. 184 - 184
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
is
a
major
worldwide
health
crisis
affecting
about
6.2%
of
the
world’s
population.
Alarmingly,
one
in
five
children
USA
have
prediabetes.
Glutathione
(GSH)
and
its
precursors
play
promising
role
prevention
management
type
T2D.
Oxidative
stress
(OxS)
probable
factor
both
T2D
initiation
progression.
GSH
cytosolic
water-soluble
chemical
antioxidant
emerging
evidence
supports
improving
outcomes.
Dietary
supplementation
with
N-acetyl-cysteine
(NAC)
and/or
glycine
(GLY),
which
are
precursors,
has
also
been
studied
for
possible
beneficial
effects
on
This
review
will
focus
underlying
pathophysiological
molecular
mechanisms
linking
OxS.
In
addition
to
their
traditional
roles,
vivo
GSH/NAC/GLY
supplements
be
evaluated
potential
abilities
modulate
complex
pro-oxidant
factors
(e.g.,
hyperglycemia)
driving
Positive
feedback
loops
that
amplify
OxS
over
long
time
intervals
likely
result
irreversible
micro-
macro-vascular
damage.
Most
clinical
studies
focused
adults
or
elderly.
Future
research
pediatric
populations
should
high
priority
since
early
intervention
critical.
FEBS Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
291(15), С. 3317 - 3330
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024
Since
its
discovery
in
1958
the
lens
of
cows,
ophthalmic
acid
(OPH)
has
stood
shadow
anti-oxidant
analog:
glutathione
(GSH).
Lacking
thiol
group
that
gives
GSH
many
important
properties,
acid's
function
remained
elusive,
and
it
been
widely
presumed
to
be
an
accidental
product
same
enzymes.
In
this
review,
we
compile
evidence
demonstrating
OPH
is
a
ubiquitous
metabolite
found
bacteria,
plants,
fungi,
animals,
produced
through
several
layers
metabolic
regulation.
We
discuss
limitations
oft-repeated
suggestions
aberrations
levels
should
solely
indicate
deficiency
or
oxidative
stress.
Finally,
available
literature
suggest
OPH's
role
metabolism
as
GSH-regulating
tripeptide;
controlling
both
cellular
organelle
influx
efflux
GSH,
well
modulating
GSH-dependent
reactions
signaling.
Ultimately,
hope
review
reinvigorates
directs
more
research
into
versatile
metabolite.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(11), С. 5631 - 5631
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
(COPD),
the
major
leading
cause
of
mortality
worldwide,
is
a
progressive
and
irreversible
respiratory
condition
characterized
by
peripheral
airway
lung
parenchymal
inflammation,
accompanied
fibrosis,
emphysema,
airflow
limitation,
has
multiple
etiologies,
including
genetic
variance,
air
pollution,
repetitive
exposure
to
harmful
substances.
However,
precise
mechanisms
underlying
pathogenesis
COPD
have
not
been
identified.
Recent
multiomics-based
evidence
suggests
that
plasticity
alveolar
macrophages
contributes
onset
progression
through
coordinated
modulation
numerous
transcription
factors.
Therefore,
this
review
focuses
on
understanding
functions
macrophage
polarization
regulate
homeostasis
in
COPD.
These
findings
may
provide
better
insight
into
distinct
role
perspective
for
developing
novel
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
polarization.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
172, С. 116270 - 116270
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024
Iron
homeostasisis
is
integral
to
normal
physiological
and
biochemical
processes
of
lungs.
The
maintenance
iron
homeostasis
involves
the
process
intake,
storage
output,
dependening
on
iron-regulated
protein/iron
response
element
system
operate
tightly
metabolism-related
genes,
including
TFR1,
DMT1,
Fth,
FPN.
Dysregulation
can
lead
overload,
which
increases
virulence
microbial
colonisers
occurrence
oxidative
stress,
causing
alveolar
epithelial
cells
undergo
necrosis
apoptosis,
form
extracellular
matrix.
Accumulated
drive
iron-dependent
ferroptosis
exacerbated
pulmonary
fibrosis.
Notably,
chelator
deferoxamine
lipophilic
antioxidant
ferritin-1
have
been
shown
attenuate
inhibit
lipid
peroxidation
in
paper
summarises
regulatory
mechanisms
dysregulated
metabolism
development
Targeting
may
be
a
potential
therapeutic
strategy
for
prevention
treatment
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(15), С. 8423 - 8423
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
The
most
abundant
tripeptide—glutathione
(GSH)—and
the
major
GSH-related
enzymes—glutathione
peroxidases
(GPxs)
and
glutathione
S-transferases
(GSTs)—are
highly
significant
in
regulation
of
tumor
cell
viability,
initiation
development,
its
progression,
drug
resistance.
high
level
GSH
synthesis
different
cancer
types
depends
not
only
on
increasing
expression
key
enzymes
γ-glutamyl
cycle
but
also
changes
transport
velocity
precursor
amino
acids.
ability
GPxs
to
reduce
hydroperoxides
is
used
for
cellular
each
member
GPx
family
has
a
mechanism
action
site
maintaining
redox
balance.
GSTs
catalyze
conjugation
electrophilic
substances
reduction
organic
take
part
signaling
pathways.
By
catalyzing
S-glutathionylation
target
proteins,
are
involved
processes,
including
metabolism
(e.g.,
glycolysis
PPP),
signal
transduction,
transcription
regulation,
development
resistance
anticancer
drugs.
In
this
review,
recent
findings
synthesis,
roles
functions
GPxs,
GST
isoforms
discussed,
along
with
search
inhibitors
treatment.
