The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Current Opinion in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80, С. 102266 - 102266

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Few pathogens have historically been subjected to as intense scientific and clinical scrutiny SARS-CoV-2. The genetic, immunological, environmental factors influencing disease severity post-infection outcomes, known correlates of immunity, remain largely undefined. Clinical outcomes SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases those with life-threatening COVID-19 symptoms. While most infected individuals return their former health fitness within a few weeks, some develop debilitating chronic symptoms, referred long-COVID. Autoimmune responses proposed one the long-COVID infection. association between viral infections autoimmune pathologies is not new. Viruses such Epstein-Barr virus cytomegalovirus, among others, shown induce production autoantibodies onset conditions. Given extensive literature on SARS-CoV-2, here we review current evidence SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies, focus autoantibodies. We closely examine mechanisms driving autoantibody production, particularly connection

Язык: Английский

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CytoBead ANA 2 assay - a novel method for the detection of antinuclear antibodies

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025

Background: Detection of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) is based on a two-step algorithm including indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) HEp2 cells and subsequent reflex/confirmatory testing for specific autoantibodies. Simultaneous cell- microbead-based autoantibody detection by IIF may be utilized the evaluation systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). In present study, we assessed performance CytoBead ANA 2 in ANA-specific autoantibodies, compared to BioPlex™ 2200. We also tested ability DFS-70 identify dense-fine speckled (DFS) pattern associated with anti-DFS70 antibodies non-SARDs patients. Methods: Hundred-twelve routine sera samples were manual presence parallel, these analyzed test multiplexed assay 2200 ANA. Twenty-nine ANA-positive obtained from patients exhibiting DFS further DFS-70. Results: A substantial agreement was observed between classical (k = 0.74). Discordant results mainly anti-SSA/Ro detected negative A good almost perfect found kappa values ranging 0.70 - 0.90. Twenty (68.9 %) 29 positive without SARDs exhibited DFS-70, which confirmed antibodies. Conclusion: The diagnostic screening comparable followed This novel one-step enables simultaneous confirmation represents promising alternative approach time-consuming costly two-tier analysis.

Язык: Английский

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Autoantibodies in COVID‐19 and Other Viral Diseases: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Perspectives

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(5)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Autoantibodies are immune system‐produced antibodies that wrongly target the body's cells and tissues for attack. The COVID‐19 pandemic has made it possible to link autoantibodies both severity of pathogenic infection emergence several autoimmune diseases after recovery from infection. An overview disorders function in other infectious discussed this review article. We also investigated different categories found including potential pathways by which they contribute illness. Additionally, highlights probable connection between vaccine‐induced their adverse outcomes. discusses therapeutic perspectives autoantibodies. This paper advances our knowledge about intricate interaction thoroughly assessing most recent findings.

Язык: Английский

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Origins and history of autoimmunity—A brief review

Rheumatology & autoimmunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1), С. 9 - 14

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2022

Abstract It was not widely recognized, until the 1950s, that an immune response could be developed only against “foreign” but also “self” antigens from studies of chronic thyroiditis leading to acceptance autoimmune diseases. Paul Ehrlich coined term “horror autotoxicus” emphasize pathogenesis autoimmunity and how system distinguishes “self”. The process led concept tolerance. discoveries allergy anaphylaxis were first signs capable self‐damage. autoantibodies discovered in 1940s, when antinuclear antibodies rheumatoid factors described as serum bind nuclear immunoglobulins, respectively. has now becoming increasingly understandable play a pivotal role several diseases mediate systemic inflammation tissue injury. purpose this review article is elucidate, explain, origins history autoimmunity.

Язык: Английский

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Comparison of ANA testing by indirect immunofluorescence or solid-phase assays in a low pre-test probability population for systemic autoimmune disease: the Camargo Cohort

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Год журнала: 2023, Номер 61(6), С. 1095 - 1104

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Abstract Objectives Autoantibodies and, specifically antinuclear antibodies (ANA), are the hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases (AID). In last decades, there has been great technical development to detect these autoantibodies along with an increased request for this test by clinicians, while overall pre-test probability decreased. study, we compare diagnostic performance three different methods ANA screening (indirect immunofluorescence [IIF], addressable laser bead immunoassay [ALBIA], and fluorescence enzyme [FEIA]). Methods Serum samples at baseline visit from 2,997 participants Camargo Cohort, a population low AID, were analyzed methods. Participants have minimum follow-up 10 years was collected clinical records. Results The highest frequency positive observed IIF assay. However, ALBIA showed high sensitivity AID. Likewise, solid phase assays (SPA) presented higher specificity than prevalence any method significantly in females age. Triple positivity related presence anti-dsDNA–SSA/Ro60, Ro52, SSB/La, RNP, Scl-70, centromere–specificities. No association found anti-Sm – RNP68, or ribosomal P specificities. Noteworthy, triple associated diagnosis AID both follow-up. Conclusions detection may be better when is high, whereas SPA techniques more useful populations

Язык: Английский

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Reliability and reproducibility of antinuclear antibody testing in pediatric rheumatology practice

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is common practice among health care practitioners when evaluating children and adolescents with non-specific symptoms including fatigue aches pains. When positive, ANA results often lead to referrals pediatric rheumatologists as these antibodies may be key indicators for specific rheumatologic diagnoses. The reliability reproducibility of tests varies assay techniques validation interpretation results. In the following article, review in pediatrics provided along case examples that demonstrate scenarios rheumatology. Guidelines more accurate utilization are presented aim improve by ordering clinicians.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Performance of the Line Immunoassay, Digital Liquid Chip Method, and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detecting Specific Antinuclear Antibodies

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 148(5), С. 566 - 572

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Context Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) against certain antigens are useful for identifying autoimmune disorders. Although new solid phase–based immunoassays have been developed evaluating ANAs, the conventional line immunoassay (LIA) is commonly used in clinical practice. Objective To compare performance of 2 newly methods detecting specific ANAs with LIA. Design Six hundred ninety-six serum samples were collected from 559 patients disease (AID) and 137 controls. The screened by using LIA, digital liquid chip method (DLCM), chemiluminescent (CLIA) ANAs. agreement across assays each assay diagnosing ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARDs) evaluated. Results Almost perfect was observed among all anti–centromere protein B (κ = 0.85–0.97), anti–ribosome P 0.85–0.88), anti–SSA 52 0.86–0.89), 60 0.89–0.91); moderate to substantial detected autoantibodies Sm, Jo-1, ribonucleoprotein, Scl-70, SSB 0.55–0.80). LIA exhibited better sensitivity AARDs, while DLCM CLIA demonstrated higher specificity. In subset AIDs, especially systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody positive percentages varied greatly between assays. Conclusions 3 showed comparable qualitative agreement; however, standardization testing remains challenging owing intermanufacturer variations. Moreover, specificity distinguishing non-AID individuals, whereas more sensitive AARDs.

Язык: Английский

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Doubtful Clinical Value of Subtyping Anti-U1-RNP Antibodies Regarding the RNP-70 kDa Antigen in Sera of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(12), С. 10398 - 10398

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023

The detection of antinuclear antibodies is central to the diagnosis and prognosis systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Anti-U1-RNP anti-RNP70 were assayed in sera patients with SLE (n = 114), pSS 54) MCTD 12). In group, 34/114 (30%) anti-U1-RNP positive, 21/114 (18%) both positive positive. 10/12 (83%) 9/12 (75%) Only one individual was antibody (for anti-RNP70). All anti-RNP70-positive samples also Anti-U1-RNP-positive subjects younger (p < 0.0001); showed lower concentrations complement protein 3 0.03); had eosinophil 0.0005), lymphocyte 0.006) monocyte 0.03) counts; accrued less organ damage than anti-U1-RNP-negative patients. However, we observed no significant clinical or laboratory parameter differences between anti-U1-RNP-positive individuals with/without group. conclusion, are not exclusive but rarely detected healthy individuals. SLE, associated a phenotype that resembles MCTD, hematologic involvement accrual. Based on our results, value subtyping appears be limited value.

Язык: Английский

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Autoantibody status according to multiparametric assay accurately estimates connective tissue disease classification and identifies clinically relevant disease clusters

RMD Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3), С. e003365 - e003365

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Assessment of circulating autoantibodies represents one the earliest diagnostic procedures in patients with suspected connective tissue disease (CTD), providing important information for diagnosis, identification and prediction potential clinical manifestations. The purpose this study was to evaluate ability multiparametric assay correctly classify multiple CTDs healthy controls (HC), independent features, whether serological status could identify clusters similar features.Patients systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS), undifferentiated (UCTD), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) HC were enrolled. Serum tested 29 autoantibodies. An XGBoost model, exclusively based on autoantibody titres built classification accuracy evaluated. A hierarchical clustering model subsequently developed clinical/laboratory features compared among clusters.908 subjects showed a mean 60.84±4.05% area under receiver operator characteristic curve 88.99±2.50%, significant discrepancies groups. Cluster analysis identified four (CL). CL1 included typical SLE. CL2 most SjS, along some SLE UCTD SjS-like features. CL4 anti-Jo1 only. CL3 largest heterogeneous, including all remaining subjects, overall characterised by low titre or lower-prevalence autoantibodies.Extended allowed an accurate CTD patients, independently Clustering according is able their final diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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