The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(4), С. 573 - 573

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2020

The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core microbiota, colonizing intestinal lumen from birth increasing, terms species richness their relative abundances during host's life. Although, members are among main producers short-chain fatty acids, different taxa also associated with intra- extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on host physiology is often inconsistent across studies. Here, we discuss changes according With aim harnessing promote health, analyze how nutrients diet can influence growth metabolites can, turn, physiology.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to well-being host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in or other locations body. Among dominant bacteria are several species

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 699 - 699

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2021

The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and some types cancer) are rising worldwide. All them share the condition an “inflammatory disorder”, with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is greatest modulator system–microbiota crosstalk, much interest, new challenges, arising area precision nutrition as a way towards treatment prevention. It fact that westernized (WD) partly responsible for increased prevalence NCDs, negatively affecting both microbiota system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such Mediterranean (MD), positively influence system microbiota, proposed not only potential tool clinical management different disease conditions, but prevention health promotion globally. Thus, purpose review determine regulatory role components WD MD interplay, order understand, create awareness of, over key components.

Язык: Английский

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Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(12), С. 2749 - 2749

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 3(4), С. e202895 - e202895

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Importance

Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has been remarkably effective for treating multiple cancer types, and the gut microbiome is a possible factor affecting inhibitor efficacy. However, association between status of tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major end product metabolites produced by microbiota have wide-ranging impacts on host physiology.

Objective

To evaluate fecal plasma SCFAs in patients with solid tumors treated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1i).

Design, Setting, Participants

This was prospective cohort biomarker study who planned therapy PD-1i at Kyoto University Hospital July 2016 February 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to 2020.

Exposures

Patients nivolumab or pembrolizumab classified into 2 groups based their treatment response Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumors version 1.1: responders achieved an objective nonresponders. Dietary information terms intake frequency obtained. Concentrations samples collected before administration measured ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Outcomes Measures

The concentration progression-free survival.

Results

Among 52 enrolled, median (range) patient age 67 (27-84) years, 23 (44%) women. Median duration follow-up survivors after 2.0 (0.4–4.1) years. overall rate 28.8%. High concentrations some associated longer These included acetic acid (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.54), propionic (HR, 0.08; 0.03-0.20), butyric 0.31; 0.16-0.60), valeric 0.53; 0.29-0.98), isovaleric 0.38; 0.14-0.99).

Conclusions Relevance

Results this suggest that SCFA may efficacy; thus, be link Because examinations completely noninvasive, they applicable routine monitoring patients.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 2028 - 2028

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2021

The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in past 150 years and it is still increasing. A long a dream humans since beginning time but also to live good physical mental condition. Nutrition research focused on recent decades more food combination patterns than individual foods/nutrients due possible synergistic/antagonistic effects components dietary model. Various have been associated with health benefits, largest body evidence literature attributable traditional habits lifestyle followed by populations from Mediterranean region. After Seven Countries Study, many prospective observational studies trials diverse reinforced beneficial higher adherence diet reference prevention/management age-associated non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular metabolic neurodegenerative cancer, depression, respiratory fragility fractures. In addition, ecologically sustainable. Therefore, this immaterial heritage constitutes healthy way eating living respecting environment.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Foods and Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Intestinal Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(17), С. 9588 - 9588

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora gastrointestinal tract, termed gut microbiome. Undigested food are metabolized a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes structure, composition, and function microbiome, which interacts with epithelium mucosal immune system maintains intestinal homeostasis healthy state. Alterations microbiome implicated many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest nutritional therapy target IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on composition changes flourished recent years, few focused physiology. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding impacts major their metabolites health consequences, specifically within GI tract. Additionally, influence microbiome-host interaction IBD discussed. Understanding host will be useful developing strategies maintain restore

Язык: Английский

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Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(3), С. 622 - 622

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2020

With increasing age, the immune system undergoes a remodeling process, termed immunosenescence, which is accompanied by considerable shifts in leukocyte subpopulations and decline various cell functions. Clinically, immunosenescence characterized increased susceptibility to infections, more frequent reactivation of latent viruses, decreased vaccine efficacy, an prevalence autoimmunity cancer. Physiologically, has some adaptive strategies cope with aging, while settings, maladaptive responses aggravate speed aging morbidity. While lack physical activity, muscle mass, poor nutritional status facilitate inflammaging, lifestyle factors such as exercise dietary habits affect positively. This review will discuss relevance mechanisms immunoprotection through activity specific interventions. In second part, we focus on effect interventions supplementation essential amino acid tryptophan, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics (with special kynurenine pathway).

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(4), С. 1447 - 1447

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2020

The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) displays widespread regional differences, probably owing to differences in dietary habits. Nutrients, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (vitamin A, D, and E), polyphenols, potentially affect PCa pathogenesis progression, as previously reported using animal models; however, clinical studies have controversial results for almost all nutrients. effects these nutrients may be manifested through various mechanisms inflammation, antioxidant effects, the action sex hormones. Dietary patterns Western Prudent also influence risk PCa. Recent that gut microbiota contribute tumorigenesis some organs. Diet composition lifestyle a direct profound effect on bacteria. Human an increase abundance specific bacteria patients. Although there are few concerning their relationship, diet nutrition could PCa, this mediated by microbiota. An intervention prevention targeting thus help prevent

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Human Health

Medicina, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 56(2), С. 88 - 88

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2020

The human gut microbiota is considered a well-known complex ecosystem composed of distinct microbial populations, playing significant role in most aspects health and wellness. Several factors such as infant transitions, dietary habits, age, consumption probiotics prebiotics, use antibiotics, intestinal comorbidities, even metabolic diseases may continously alter diversity function. study vegan diet–microbiota interactions rapidly evolving field, since plenty research has been focused on the potential effects plant-based patterns microbiota. It reported that well-planned diets their associated components affect both bacterial composition pathways Certain benefits with medical disorders but also limitations (including nutritional deficiencies) have documented. Although diet be inadequate calorific value, it rich fiber, polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins. aim present was to provide an update existing knowledge status influence food health.

Язык: Английский

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