The Journal of Climate Change and Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 100347 - 100347
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024
Язык: Английский
The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 402(10419), С. 2346 - 2394
Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
489
The Medical Journal of Australia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 220(6), С. 282 - 303
Опубликована: Март 24, 2024
The MJA-Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established 2017 produced its first national assessment 2018 annual updates 2019, 2020, 2021 2022. It examines five broad domains: hazards, exposures impacts; adaptation, planning resilience for health; mitigation actions co-benefits; economics finance; public political engagement. In this, the sixth report of Countdown, we track progress an extensive suite indicators across these domains, accessing presenting latest data further refining developing our analyses. Our results highlight economic costs inaction change. A series major flood events four eastern states 2022 main contributor to insured losses from climate-related catastrophes $7.168 billion - highest amount record. floods also directly caused 23 deaths resulted displacement tens thousands people. High red meat processed consumption insufficient fruit vegetables accounted about half 87 166 diet-related 2021. Correction this imbalance would both save lives reduce heavy carbon footprint associated with production. We find signs Importantly, Australian Government released Australia's National Health Climate Strategy, Western is preparing a Sector Adaptation Plan. increasing action on, engagement with, at community level, number electric vehicle sales almost doubling compared 2021, 65% increase coverage media Overall, urgency substantial enhancements adaptation responses enormous challenge cannot be overstated. energy system, care sector, currently emit unreasonable unjust proportion greenhouse gases into atmosphere. As Lancet enters second most critical phase leadup 2030, depth breadth will augmented increasingly examine regional context, better measure key issues such as mental Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander wellbeing.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
15
Health Promotion International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(3)
Опубликована: Май 24, 2023
Abstract There is increasing public health focus on how corporate practices impact population and well-being. While the commercial determinants of climate crisis pose serious threats to human planetary health, governments largely seek balance action with economic imperatives. Global stakeholders recognize that young people have important voices in influencing responses. However, few studies investigated people’s perceptions crisis. A qualitatively led online survey n = 500 Australians (15–24 years) their understanding responses crisis, factors influenced these strategies respond. reflexive approach thematic analysis was used. Three themes were constructed from data. First, perceived focussed soft options lacked meaningful action. Second, they stated by imperatives rather than policy levers needed implement environmentally responsible practices. Third, systems change create demand for a cleaner environment, leading improved Young clear associated health. They (and consumer demand) will not without significant structural change. Public promotion should work alongside influence decision-makers address harmful behaviours.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
19
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40, С. 100936 - 100936
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Climate change presents a major public health concern in Australia, marked by unprecedented wildfires, heatwaves, floods, droughts, and the spread of climate-sensitive infectious diseases. Despite these challenges, Australia's response to climate crisis has been inadequate subject politics, sentiment, global developments. This study illustrates spatiotemporal patterns selected climate-related environmental extremes (heatwaves, droughts) across Australia during past two decades, summarizes adaptation measures actions that have taken national, state/territory, local governments. Our findings reveal significant impacts on well-being Australians. While governments implemented various strategies, plans must be further developed yield concrete actions. Moreover, Indigenous Australians should not left out efforts. A collaborative, comprehensive approach involving all levels government is urgently needed prevent, mitigate, adapt change.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
17
Atmospheric Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 300, С. 107230 - 107230
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024
Global warming has led to the enhancement of diurnal (daytime-nighttime) compound heat waves, which can severely affect population's physical health and productive life; this is particularly case for vulnerable populations that are more susceptible psychological physiological harm with future normalization heatwave scenarios. In study, we attributed changes in population exposure under high temperatures (HTs) extremely (EHTs) influence climatic (exposure duration) factors their combined determine relationship between duration populations. Diurnal HT EHT covered a land area 4,016,800 1,984,200 km2, respectively. The heat-exposed spread step-like all directions, centering on 24-h high-exposure strong gradient effect. prolonged shifted from Yellow-Huai-Huai Plain across geographical boundary south north middle lower reaches Yangtze River Plain. Meanwhile, average maximum value reached 186,800 93,100 person-h, values Zhengzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, Chengdu, Beijing, other cities. Changes were dominated first by demographic then factors, dominance evident areas exposure. Under daytime-nighttime EHT, child older contribution rate 87.16% 87.43%, Therefore, suitable cooling measures should be proposed exposure, focusing mental children adults exposed EHT.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(3), С. 2541 - 2541
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023
Solastalgia is a term used to describe the pain and distress experienced by those witnessing their home environments destroyed or changed in unwelcome ways. expected become more prominent as climate change worsens transforms landscapes. This scoping review examines maps existing literature on solastalgia Australia, particularly focusing Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander experiences. Four focus questions guided explore how conceptualized, highlight risk protective factors, identify strategies for addressing solastalgia. Eighteen papers met criteria inclusion. Overall, our results show minimal evidence base Australia with an even greater gap exploring from perspectives. A strong connection was suggested both factor experiencing peoples are considered at due intimate connections environments, since invasion, have mental resulting significant, damaging changes landscapes environments. We recommend further exploration of lived experiences across diversity Australian contexts, amongst peoples, including practical implications.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(13), С. 6285 - 6285
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023
Climate change is exposing populations to increasing temperatures and extreme weather events in many parts of Australia. To prepare for climate challenges, there a growing need Local Health Districts (LHDs) identify potential health impacts their region strengthen the capacity system respond accordingly. This rapid review summarised existing evidence research gaps on impact services Northern New South Wales (NSW)—a ‘hotspot’ disaster declarations. We systematically searched online databases selected 11 peer-reviewed studies published between 2012–2022 NSW region. The most explored outcome was mental aftermath floods droughts, followed by increased healthcare utilisation due respiratory, cardiovascular mortality outcomes associated with bushfire smoke or heat waves. Future directions were recommended understand: compounding system, local data needs that can better inform models predict future risks region, vulnerable require whole-of-system response during different phases disasters. In conclusion, provided LHD may undertake adaptation mitigation policies strategies relevant
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
12
The Medical Journal of Australia, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 218(5), С. 196 - 202
Опубликована: Март 5, 2023
Urgent and sustained political engagement is needed to address the health impacts of climate change Recent extreme weather events natural disasters in Australia, such as 2019–2020 Black Summer bushfires catastrophic floods throughout 2021–2022, have resulted considerable negative for community individual wellbeing. As Australia increasingly faces devastating associated with change, strong by governments necessary implement effective policies that change. However, whereas countries around world are taking action mitigate lags, ranking 59/64 Climate Change Performance Index.1 Australia's on particularly poor. An international comparison country found relates primarily disaster response, Pacific Island nations — not its own communities.2 Additionally, makes no reference contribution pledge United Nations Framework Convention Change, date one few lacking a national strategy.3 there signs improvement, featuring National Preventive Health Strategy 2021–2030, new federal government announcing development Strategy.4, 5 Many bodies been active this issue continue lobby successive about health.6, 7 The MJA–Lancet Countdown assesses our parliaments bureaucracy (indicator 5.3 2022 report).8 For purposes article, refers only parliamentary engagement, excludes broader from media, industry, research sector, civil society, public discourse. Our analysis offers deeper insights into results indicator several leaders field health, including four co-authors. It discusses implications current proposes strategies external stakeholders encourage increased engagement. Overcoming obstacles vital wellbeing, critically time-sensitive given accelerating pace fast-approaching critical thresholds. measures using websites Commonwealth all eight states territories search bills, legislation, committees inquiries relating health. 2021 Countdowns (which assessed preceding year 2020 2021, respectively), revealed bleak picture at level, but promise some state territory governments.8, 9 In 2020, documents discussed .9 There were three bills introduced Australian Parliament referred health; however, linkage was explicit bill passed law. Unfortunately, Recycling Waste Reduction Act has minimal focus practice had limited it supported more substantial legislative frameworks.10 Also note, independents minor parties attempting put agenda absence Some others did reach floor debate. At departmental document relevant mentioned contributed bushfires, cyclones, albeit briefly introduction.11 across jurisdictions also relatively low consistent an example, New South Wales held inquiry (https://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/assets/dpc-nsw-gov-au/publications/NSW-Bushfire-Inquiry-1630/Final-Report-of-the-NSW-Bushfire-Inquiry.pdf); Public 2011 (https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/committees/sdc); Western before parliament. much higher compared level. All strategies, plans or clear linkages and/or regional local level strategies. departments went further than merely identifying between change; creation specific adaptation plan Queensland; WA; roundtable Tasmania.12-14 Victoria started consultations Human Services Adaptation Action Plan.15 During improvement previous year, parliaments.8 remained superficial, very making primary inquiries. Only two law, neither Government (including executive, ministers departments) responsible explicitly addressing impact health.16, 17 increase itself, although still introducing major proportion number chamber (eg, notice papers, votes proceedings) referencing increased, calling "urgently develop 'National Well-being', which 50 social welfare conservation groups".18 Again, seen apparent better targeted parliament government. Ten twelve referenced NSW outcomes access hospital services rural, remote floods, drought (https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/lcdocs/inquiries/2615/Report%20no%2057%20-%20PC%202%20-%20Health%20outcomes%20and%20access%20to%20services.pdf); Victorian Inquiry Impacts Air Pollution (https://new.parliament.vic.gov.au/4af06f/contentassets/bfbcb6bd449c4785840cb65d65f28a4c/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-victoria.pdf); SA Urban Green Spaces heat (https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/committees/sdc). Political important component functioning democracy Australia; through will citizenry can be expressed elected representatives decision makers.19 meaningful systemic take place complex issues like Yet, environment, ideologies corporate activity, turn affects nature policy implementation.20 This varying degrees different being employed. Here, we first discuss past years (2020 2021). Opportunities arising situation considered following section. Explicit severely terms responses. conservative Liberal–National Coalition (2013–2022) downplayed avoided use terminology when discussing economic events. concerted effort then avoid linking discrediting scientific evidence dismissing advice agency experts.21, 22 COVID-19 pandemic appear ignored, many causes risk pandemics.23, 24 presented opportunity politicians engage issues, realised. global temporarily shut down normal operation 2020. Limited during period could partly attributed pandemic. historically poor.25, 26 Despite wealth appears disconnect, remaining siloed bureaucracy. evident recent Resilience 2021–2025, where sparingly strategy.27 missing debate addressed COP26 Intergovernmental Panel report. representation response these poor, commitment, criticised locally internationally.28 Because lack crossbench both houses attempted attempts unsuccessful, passing Bills forward require majority support successfully passed, unlikely without parties. Under constitution, responsibility trade commerce, borders quarantine, remain responsibilities. explain why generally role funding regulation effectively meant shared overlapping responsibilities such, achieving coordinated action. occurred. greater having engaged developed reports recommendations type transitioning commitment mere rhetoric something system wide.29 Although pieces legislation introduced, chose policy, rather issues. strategy retain oversight negotiating potentially unsupportive reflects what occurring alcohol food acting largely instruments means.30 does measure thousands country, note play challenges. Local delegated environmental safety, water quality), other areas related directly indirectly urban planning development). examples below. beyond scope indicator, cannot ignore vested interests influencing policy. decades stagnated characterised believe toxic environment involving promulgation disinformation media.31 Influential industry associations identified finding 75% groups took positions against regulations while promoting pro-fossil fuel agenda.32 Countering negating undue influence paramount. defining time far reaching growing.33 act (Box 1).34, 35 professionals who concerned evidence-informed advocate recommendations. Below, outline opportunities, actions detailed Box 2. capacity building opportunities organisations individuals. Doctors Environment Alliance resources advocacy regarding Organisations Purpose, Common Cause Sydney Policy Lab offer training advocacy, coalition building, values-based messaging campaigning. find champions within crossbench. likely numbers may Opposition, aligned members Party Coalition. Targeting MPs whose seats impacted strategy. data demonstrate need protect communities. request: A considers addresses Writing relationships portfolio holder best way get agenda. communicate portfolios might broadly affected Majority required Cabinet agree pass legislation. raise concerns Opposition bi-partisan support, them push if Update acts ensure Embedding responses critical. levels collaborate invest evidence-based Review update laws policies. Lobby funding. include creating greener spaces, trees shade cooling, requirements energy efficient developments, developments walking cycling. election May government, nearly decade. election.37 electoral already November 2022, Albanese Labor confirmed they would Strategy, pre-election commitments made Opposition.5 provide make submissions raising ambition policies, consideration climate-related Consultations often receive media coverage, impact, research. agendas formed drafted constituents able influence. Government, Greens, Independents select Liberal MPs, emission reductions targets: (Consequential Amendments) 2022.38, 39 recently proposed wellbeing budget another positive announcement see prioritisation policy.40 takes sustainable approach prioritising over exponential growth, economy social, needs.41 even fossil corporations undermine State jurisdiction regulatory frameworks emergency services. Advocates seek amendments existing considerations regard updated WA, provisions. provisions WA Department initiated Inquiry,42 consider impacts. facing disasters. Parliaments reflecting looking prevention mitigation via These present individuals share their stories advocates evidence, contribute improved final report Flood indicated failures capability gaps agencies, operational flood rescues recovery traumatising communities.43 densely populated repeatedly severe heatwaves, flooding, air pollution. councils working partnership non-government (in places, legislation) programs adaptation.44-47 properly custodians well placed direct most needed. should mindful councils, resources. Another barrier sound, pressure developers.12 Undue hampering highlight industry's necessity good future-proof growing organisations, institutes peak actively advocating Alliance, Medical Association, Association Royal Australasian College Physicians, George Institute Global Health, Healthy Lives network. employed range developing guidance, preparing statements, writing inquiries, running campaigns, highlighting conflicts interest, lobbying ministers. Advocacy election.48 importance relationships, messaging, networks.49, add voices cause. Diverse sector important. depth diversity concern networks widened sought human rights, education, services, success countering activity issues.49 promising increasing Australia. continued transition embedded We references documents. expresses societal needs values, guides decisions behaviours supporting strategic way.19 draw attention challenge undermining Without subsequent investment burden disease vectors, pollution) frequency severity. advocates, professionals, employ sustain issue. No disclosures. Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
11
The Medical Journal of Australia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 222(6), С. 272 - 296
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2025
Summary The MJA – Lancet Countdown on health and climate change in Australia was established 2017 produced its first national assessment 2018 annual updates 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 2023. It examines five broad domains: hazards, exposures impacts; adaptation, planning resilience for health; mitigation actions co‐benefits; economics finance; public political engagement. In this, the seventh report of Countdown, we track progress an extensive suite indicators across these domains, accessing presenting latest data further refining developing our analyses. We also examine selected trends New Zealand. Our analyses show exposure to heatwaves is growing Australia, increasing risk heat stress other threats such as bushfires drought. highlight continuing deficiencies Australia's response threat. A key component capacity respond bushfires, number firefighting volunteers, decline, dropping by 38 442 people (17%) just seven years. total energy supply remains dominated fossil fuels (coal, oil natural gas), although from coal decreased 2021 2023, increased, transport petrol grew substantially 2021–22 (the most recent year which are available). Greenhouse gas emissions care sector rose their highest level since 2010. areas some being made. Australian Government completed pass National Climate Risk Assessment, included social support one eleven priority risks, based part assessed severity impact. Renewable sources wind solar now provide almost 40% electricity, with growth both large‐scale small‐scale (eg, household) renewable generation battery storage systems. sale electric vehicles reached all‐time high 2023 98 436, accounting 8.47% all new vehicle sales. Although had a reprieve major catastrophic events Zealand experienced cyclone Gabrielle unprecedented floods, contributed displacement insured economic losses over period (ie, 2010 2000 respectively). Nationally, regionally globally, next years pivotal reducing greenhouse transitioning production renewables. making this direction. This must continue accelerate, remaining threat be addressed. There strong signs that Australians increasingly engaged acting change, indicator litigation demonstrates legal system active issue country. reports signalled intentions introduce Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander mental Australia. development appropriate challenging, expect reporting them will commence report.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0