Cerebellum Lecture: the Cerebellar Nuclei—Core of the Cerebellum

The Cerebellum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(2), С. 620 - 677

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

Abstract The cerebellum is a key player in many brain functions and major topic of neuroscience research. However, the cerebellar nuclei (CN), main output structures cerebellum, are often overlooked. This neglect because research on typically focuses cortex tends to treat CN as relatively simple conveying an inverted signal from rest brain. In this review, by adopting nucleocentric perspective we aim rectify impression. First, describe anatomy modularity comprehensively integrate architecture with its highly organized but complex afferent efferent connectivity. followed novel classification specific neuronal classes comprise speculate implications structure physiology for our understanding adult function. Based thorough review literature provide comprehensive overview embryonic development and, comparing various chordate clades, propose interpretation evolution. Despite their critical importance function, clinical intriguingly few, if any, neurological disorders appear primarily affect CN. To highlight curious anomaly, encourage future interpretations, build brief syndromes which currently implicated. Finally, summarize perspectives that view brings, move outstanding issues biology limelight, roadmap questions need be answered order create integrated model structure, development,

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar Contributions to the Basal Ganglia Influence Motor Coordination, Reward Processing, and Movement Vigor

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 42(45), С. 8406 - 8415

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

Both the cerebellum and basal ganglia are known for their roles in motor control motivated behavior. These two systems have been classically considered as independent structures that coordinate contributions to behavior via separate cortico-thalamic loops. However, recent evidence demonstrates presence of a rich set direct connections between these regions. Although there is strong both directions, brevity we limit our discussion better-characterized from ganglia. We review sets such connections: disynaptic projections through thalamus monosynaptic midbrain dopaminergic nuclei, VTA SNc. In each case, pathways anatomic tracing physiological recordings, discuss potential functional roles. present pathway involved coordination, its dysfunction contributes deficits, dystonia. then how cerebellar SNc influence dopamine release respective targets nuclei: NAc dorsal striatum. argue may play role reward-based learning therefore contribute addictive behavior, whereas projection movement vigor. Finally, speculate explain many observations indicate mental disorders, schizophrenia.

Язык: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Direct Outputs from the Cerebellum to the Brainstem and Diencephalon in Mammals

The Cerebellum, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(1), С. 210 - 239

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2022

Abstract The cerebellum is involved in many motor, autonomic and cognitive functions, new tasks that have a cerebellar contribution are discovered on regular basis. Simultaneously, our insight into the functional compartmentalization of has markedly improved. Additionally, studies output pathways seen renaissance due to development viral tracing techniques. To create an overview current state understanding efferents, we undertook systematic review all monosynaptic projections from brainstem diencephalon mammals. This revealed important cerebellum, motor nuclei, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, predominantly di- or polysynaptic, rather than monosynaptic. Strikingly, most target areas receive input three showing convergence information at level. Overall, there appeared be large level agreement between different species as well use types neural tracers, making emerging picture solid one. Finally, discuss how this network affected by range diseases syndromes, with also non-cerebellar having impact areas.

Язык: Английский

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Novel Cerebello-Amygdala Connections Provide Missing Link Between Cerebellum and Limbic System

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

The cerebellum is emerging as a powerful regulator of cognitive and affective processing memory in both humans animals has been implicated disorders. How the supports function remains poorly understood. short-latency (just few milliseconds) functional connections that were identified between amygdala-a structure crucial for emotion valence-more than four decades ago raise exciting, yet untested, possibility cerebellum-amygdala pathway communicates information important emotion. major hurdle rigorously testing this lack knowledge about anatomy connectivity pathway. Our initial anatomical tracing studies mice excluded existence direct monosynaptic connection amygdala. Using transneuronal techniques, we have novel disynaptic circuit cerebellar output nuclei basolateral This recruits understudied intralaminar thalamus node. ex vivo optophysiology super-resolution microscopy, provide first evidence functionality pathway, thus offering missing mechanistic link discovery provides blueprint key limbic system. As such, it requisite step toward obtaining new emotion, fundamentally advancing understanding neurobiology which perturbed mental autism spectrum

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar control of fear learning via the cerebellar nuclei–Multiple pathways, multiple mechanisms?

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Fear learning is mediated by a large network of brain structures and the understanding their roles interactions constantly progressing. There multitude anatomical behavioral evidence on interconnection cerebellar nuclei to other in fear network. Regarding nuclei, we focus coupling fastigial nucleus relation dentate ventral tegmental area. Many that receive direct projections from are playing role expression or extinction learning. We propose cerebellum, via its limbic system, acts as modulator learning, using prediction-error signaling regulation related thalamo-cortical oscillations.

Язык: Английский

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The cerebellum and anxiety

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Although the cerebellum is traditionally known for its role in motor functions, recent evidence points toward additional involvement of an array non-motor functions. One such function anxiety behavior: a series studies now implicate anxiety. Here, we review regarding possible anxiety—ranging from clinical to experimental manipulation neural activity—that collectively cerebellum, and possibly specific topographical locus within as one orchestrators responses.

Язык: Английский

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Re-examining the Mysterious Role of the Cerebellum in Pain

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(17), С. e1538232024 - e1538232024

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Pain is considered a multidimensional experience that embodies not merely sensation, but also emotion and perception. As appropriate for this complexity, pain represented processed by an extensive matrix of cortical subcortical structures. Of these structures, the cerebellum gaining increasing attention. Although association between both acute chronic have been extensively detailed in electrophysiological neuroimaging studies, deep understanding what functions are mediated associations lacking. Nevertheless, available evidence implies lobules IV–VI Crus I especially pertinent to processing, anatomical studies reveal regions connect with higher-order structures sensorimotor, emotional, cognitive function. Therefore, we speculate exerts modulatory role via its communication sites executive, reward, limbic On basis, review, propose numerous ways which might contribute pain, drawing particular attention emotional elements pain. In addition, emphasise importance advancing our knowledge about relationship discussing novel therapeutic opportunities capitalize on association.

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar Functions Beyond Movement and Learning

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 47(1), С. 145 - 166

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024

The cerebellum has a well-established role in controlling motor functions, including coordination, posture, and the learning of skilled movements. mechanisms for how it carries out behavior remain under intense investigation. Interestingly though, recent years cerebellar function have faced additional scrutiny since nonmotor behaviors may also be controlled by cerebellum. With such complexity arising, there is now pressing need to better understand structure, function, intersect influence that are dynamically called upon as an animal experiences its environment. Here, we discuss experimental work frames possible neural shapes disparate why dysfunction catastrophic hereditary acquired conditions—both nonmotor. For these reasons, might ideal therapeutic target.

Язык: Английский

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Neural circuits mediating chronic stress: Implications for major depressive disorder

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 137, С. 111280 - 111280

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Purkinje cell to parabrachial nucleus pathway enables broad cerebellar influence over the forebrain

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(11), С. 1929 - 1941

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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