Published: Jan. 1, 2014
Precise studies of plant, animal and human genomes enable remarkable opportunities of obtained data application in biotechnology and medicine. However, knowing nucleotide sequences isn’t enough for understanding of particular genomic elements functional relationship and their role in phenotype formation and disease pathogenesis. In post-genomic era methods allowing genomic DNA sequences manipulation, visualization and regulation of gene expression are rapidly evolving. Though, there are few methods, that meet high standards of efficiency, safety and accessibility for a wide range of researchers. In 2011 and 2013 novel methods of genome editing appeared - this are TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR …
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) enzyme is one of the promising molecular targets for the discovery of antitumor drugs. PARP1 is a common nuclear protein (1-2 million molecules per cell) serving as a “sensor” for DNA strand breaks. Increased PARP1 expression is sometimes observed in melanomas, breast cancer, lung cancer, and other neoplastic diseases. The PARP1 expression level is a prognostic indicator and is associated with a poor survival prognosis. There is evidence that high PARP1 expression and treatment-resistance of tumors are correlated. PARP1 inhibitors are promising antitumor agents, since they act as chemo- and radiosensitizers in the conventional …
Published: Jan. 1, 2014
While metal nanoparticles are being increasingly used in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the biological and environmental safety of their production. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. The present review is devoted to the possibility of metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts. This approach has been actively pursued in recent years as an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles with specified properties. This review provides a detailed analysis of the various factors affecting the morphology, size, …
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it.
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
Cancer invasion and the ability of malignant tumor cells for directed migration and metastasis have remained a focus of research for many years. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of two main patterns of cancer cell invasion: collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers of the extracellular matrix and spread into surrounding tissues. Each pattern of cell migration displays specific morphological features and the biochemical/molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cell migration. Two types of migrating tumor cells, mesenchymal (fibroblast-like) and amoeboid, are observed in each pattern of cancer cell invasion. This review describes the key …
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) may reach the urine through cell necrosis or apoptosis, active secretion of nucleic acids by healthy and tumor cells of the urinary tract, and transport of circulating nucleic acids (cir-NA) from the blood into primary urine. Even though urinary DNA and RNA are fragmented, they can be used to detect marker sequences. MicroRNAs are also of interest as diagnostic probes. The stability of cfNA in the urine is determined by their structure and packaging into supramolecular complexes and by nuclease activity in the urine. This review summarizes current data on the sources of urinary cfNA, their …
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
Некоммерческий и добровольный сектор, также известный как экономика третьего сектора, играет самую существенную роль в обеспечении устойчивого благосостояния людей и экологии в глобальном контексте жесткой конкуренции, порождающей все новые критические ситуации нищеты, истощения ресурсов и социальной изоляции. Одним из способов развития и поддержания третьего сектора является получение взносов и пожертвований от организаций и отдельных лиц, чьи побудительные мотивы стали объектом представленного в статье исследования. Опираясь на пересмотренную теорию планового поведения, сделана попытка определить, играет ли сострадание роль модератора в мотивации жертвователей. Методология работы основана на структурной модели и инструментарии направления (англо-американского по преимуществу), для которого характерно отождествление финансово-экономической благотворительности и …
Published: Jan. 1, 2015
Статья посвящена вопросам определения перспективных отраслей, способных повысить инновационный потенциал региона. Обосновывается выбор перспективных направлений развития региона на основе использования его потенциальных возможностей и ресурсов; обосновывается особое значение инновационного развития региона; оцениваются перспективы его развития в данном направлении
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
The model for forming the culture of tolerance in future specialists in the university environment was developed and implemented after receiving the data of the ascertaining experiment, confirming the necessity of development of theculture of tolerance in educational activities.This model suggests a focused and systematic work on formation of the culture of tolerance in higher school.We used the meth-odological principles of systematic, activity, polysubject and culturological ap-proaches, as well as the modeling theory; we studied the modeling of the educational process, as well as the peculiarities of interaction between the mentor and the stu-dents’ group.The composition and structure of the …
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
В статье анализируется роль когнитивных механизмов в коммуникативном поведении личности. Автором приведена теоретическая информация по статистическим данным исследования роли Интернета в повседневной жизни, Сети. Проанализированы особенности реализации коммуникативного поведения в интернет-пространстве. Интернет является одним из самых крупных пространств, предлагающих интернет-пользователю многообразие тематической информации. Коммуникативное поведение представляет собой совокупность и реализацию определенных норм отдельного индивида или группы индивидов в ходе взаимодействия, а также включает в себя восприятие новостного контента. По мнению автора, процесс восприятия информации в интернет-пространстве изучен недостаточно, особенно его когнитивная составляющая. Целью статьи является изучение особенностей когнитивных механизмов коммуникативного поведения личности в интернет-пространстве. В статье отмечается недостаточность существующих методик …