Factors Affecting Resilience and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

Annals of Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 633 - 649

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, age‐associated neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. The clinical continuum AD spans from preclinical to subjective cognitive decline, mild impairment, dementia stages (mild, moderate, severe). Neuropathologically, defined by accumulation amyloid β (Aβ) into extracellular plaques in brain parenchyma cerebral vasculature, abnormally phosphorylated tau that accumulates intraneuronally forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Development treatment approaches prevent or even reduce decline because has been slow compared other major causes death. Recently, United States Food Drug Administration gave full approval 2 different Aβ‐targeting monoclonal antibodies. However, this breakthrough modifying approach only applies limited subset patients there are stringent eligibility criteria. Furthermore, these do not progression disease, AD‐related pathologies, such as NFTs, directly targeted. A non‐mutually exclusive alternative address lifestyle interventions can help risk dementias (ADRD). It estimated addressing modifiable factors could potentially delay up 40% AD/ADRD cases. In review, we discuss some many may be associated with prevention and/or increasing resilience, well interact influence progression. [Color figure viewed at www.annalsofneurology.org ] ANN NEUROL 2024;96:633–649

Language: Английский

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Education and midlife cognitive functioning: Evidence from the High School and Beyond cohort

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract INTRODUCTION Educational attainment is associated with midlife cognitive functioning. However, degree the culmination of complex and unequal processes involving students’ backgrounds, opportunities that schools provide them, their performance within those schools─all which may also shape cognition. What do educational gradients in cognition look like using a richer conceptualization measures “education?” METHODS We use data from High School Beyond (HS&B:80)─a large, nationally representative sample Americans followed high school through age ∼60─to assess role education stratifying RESULTS schools’ academic socioeconomic environments predict primarily associations performance. Student strongly predicts cognition, partially its association attainment. DISCUSSION Inequalities cognition─even among students same attained degrees. Highlights Degree functioning, but large portion accounted for by as measured test scores, grades, course completion. contexts learning mainly because they play shaping Understanding potential benefits later‐life functioning requires attention to broader schooling beyond

Language: Английский

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Novel indices of state- and county-level social disadvantage in older Americans and disparities in mortality

Health & Place, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 103438 - 103438

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Early-Life Circumstances and Racial Disparities in Cognition Among Older Adults in the US

JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184(8), P. 904 - 904

Published: May 28, 2024

Given the critical role of neurocognitive development in early life, understanding association between early-life circumstances and racial disparities cognition has important implications.

Language: Английский

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Educational Attainment and Later-Life Cognitive Function in High- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol

The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(5)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Identifying social policies that can promote cognitive health is crucial for reducing the global burden of dementia. We evaluated importance educational attainment later-life function in various and geographic settings.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to School Racial Segregation and Late-Life Cognitive Outcomes

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e2452713 - e2452713

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Disparities in cognition, including dementia occurrence, persist between non-Hispanic Black (hereinafter, Black) and White White) older adults, are possibly influenced by early educational differences stemming from structural racism. However, the association school racial segregation later-life cognition remains underexplored.

Language: Английский

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Neuropsychological Test Performance in Frontotemporal Degeneration

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Racial disparities in neuropsychological test performance are well documented Alzheimer's Disease (AD) but have received little attention frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Identification of potential is critical to identify ways improve inclusivity clinical research and care representative FTD populations. We evaluated among individuals with clinically diagnosed (behavioral variant [bvFTD] or primary progressive aphasia [PPA]) using data from the National Coordinating Center (NACC) collected between September 2005 November 2023. Only 10% NACC cases racially/ethnically minoritized groups. Black (n=56), Hispanic (n=77) White (n=1301) were cognitive domains episodic memory, working processing speed, flexibility, attention, category fluency lexical retrieval, addition global cognition across Uniform Data Set versions 1 3. Linear regressions examined association racial/ethnic group scores covarying for disease stage, age, sex, education. After adjusting education established normative correction, binary logistic regression differences proportion participants classified as impaired (<=-1.5 z-score) each test. Minoritized individuals, on average, had lower and/or greater likelihood impairment (odds ratio; OR) measures (Black: β = -3.63; OR 2.74; Hispanic: -2.50), retrieval -4.31; 3.28; -2.90; 3.81), speed 26.80; 4.07; 21.31; 2.37), flexibility 46.65; 3.35), (Hispanic: -0.39), memory -0.79; -0.42), -1.67), -1.28). did not any tests where performed worse than individuals. These findings indicate cognition, executive function, retrieval. Critically, these used diagnosis monitoring FTD. Future efforts must focus increasing participation underrepresented populations support diverse needs an understanding social determinants health evaluate sources observed racial ethnic

Language: Английский

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Predictive value and weight of factors associated with cognitive performance in Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study: Health Disparities

Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract INTRODUCTION In this analysis of cognitively unimpaired (CU) Hispanic participants from the Health and Aging Brain Study: Disparities (HABS‐HD), we aimed to identify main predictor factors for cognitive performance their relative importance (weight). METHODS The HABS‐HD is a community‐based longitudinal cohort study. Data 952 CU Hispanics, enrolled 2017 February 2024, were analyzed. Random forest, an assembly learning method based on decision trees, was used cross‐sectionally forecast predictive value 42 risk (4 demographic variables, 4 socioeconomic 6 psychosocial 17 health 11 plasma magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers) together, weighting each factor different domains (global cognition, memory, language, executive function, attention, processing speed). RESULTS Participants included in analyses had mean age 61.3 years (9.14), 69.4% female, 10.52 (4.61) education. Income, glucose levels, amyloid beta (Aβ)42, total tau, neurofilament light chain top 10 predictors six domains. Age, education years, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, body mass index, C‐reactive protein four domains, while Aβ40 list five DISCUSSION Results support notion that depends interactions among social, economic, biological, functional factors. effects weight various may be Hispanics. More studies comparing ethnic groups are necessary help development tailored interventions prevent decline. Highlights Numerous have been associated with decline dementia. Research these has relied meta‐analysis individual association consolidating data non‐Hispanic White populations. Hispanics largest minority group United States, only few analyzed overall impact effect We found result

Language: Английский

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Incidence of Frailty, Dementia, and Disability Among Community‐Living Older Americans According to County‐Level Disadvantage

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Background County‐level contextual disadvantage is a novel social determinant of health (SDOH) for older persons. No prior study has evaluated the national incidence geriatric conditions according to county‐level among Our objective was estimate frailty, probable dementia, and disability over 5‐year period on basis community‐living Americans. Methods This prospective, nationally representative longitudinal used data from 2015 cohort National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS), linked various publicly available, geographically based datasets. assessed using Geriatric Index County‐Level Multi‐Dimensional Contextual Disadvantage (GERi‐County), which included nine indicators these Data activities daily living (ADL) were obtained NHATS annual assessments (2015–2020). Results Totally 7499 participants in analysis, representing 40,728,543 The rates per 1000 person‐years significantly higher disadvantaged compared non‐disadvantaged counties: 52.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 41.6–64.0) versus 40.3 CI, 37.2–43.3) frailty; 29.9 25.4–34.3) 21.2 19.0–23.4) dementia; 78.1 70.2–86.0) 62.5 58.2–66.8) ADL disability. For who lived did not live counties, age‐ sex‐adjusted HRs 1.38 1.08–1.75) 1.53 1.25–1.86) 1.30 1.13–1.49) Conclusions Community‐living Americans reside counties have follow‐up their counterparts. Findings underscore vital, underappreciated role that plays clinically meaningful outcomes persons U.S.

Language: Английский

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Introduction to the third edition

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 22

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Life course epidemiology, the study of long-term biological, behavioural and psychosocial processes that link physical social exposures experiences across life, generations, to chronic diseases ageing, is part a rapidly growing interdisciplinary life perspective investigating how individuals populations resist, recover, or adapt challenges. In this introduction, we briefly outline key developments in previously encapsulated by earlier editions book, before laying out scope fully revised third edition. We introduce new chapters that: (1) bring approach health during an age pandemics, climate change other global environmental challenges; (2) examine current potential use technologies, methods collaborative approaches studies; (3) provide updated reviews latest evidence for age-related diseases; (4) discuss research being used, could be improve population high, middle, low-income countries. Explanations common themes related disciplines cut are provided.

Language: Английский

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