Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 509 - 559

Published: May 18, 2017

Abstract Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions in organic due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of radiative forcing (2) can confound the historical response climate increases greenhouse gases. Secondary (SOA), formed atmosphere by oxidation gases, represents a major fraction global submicron‐sized aerosol. Over past decade, significant advances understanding SOA properties formation mechanisms occurred through measurements, yet current models typically do not comprehensively include all processes. This review summarizes some developments during decade formation. We highlight importance processes that growth particles sizes relevant for clouds forcing, including extremely low volatility organics gas phase, acid‐catalyzed multiphase chemistry isoprene epoxydiols, particle‐phase oligomerization, physical such as viscosity. Several highlighted this are complex interdependent nonlinear effects on properties, formation, evolution SOA. Current neglect complexity nonlinearity thus less likely accurately predict project future sensitivity Efforts also needed rank most influential process‐related interactions, so be represented chemistry‐climate models.

Language: Английский

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Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(13), P. 8523 - 8546

Published: July 4, 2019

Abstract. Since the publication of compilation biomass burning emission factors by Andreae and Merlet (2001), a large number studies have greatly expanded amount available data on emissions from various types burning. Using essentially same methodology as this paper presents an updated factors. The over 370 published were critically evaluated integrated into consistent format. Several new categories added, species for which are presented was increased 93 to 121. Where field still insufficient, estimates based appropriate extrapolation techniques proposed. For key species, compared with previously values. Based these global activity estimates, I derived pyrogenic important released

Language: Английский

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Review of Aerosol–Cloud Interactions: Mechanisms, Significance, and Challenges

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 73(11), P. 4221 - 4252

Published: July 11, 2016

Abstract Over the past decade, number of studies that investigate aerosol–cloud interactions has increased considerably. Although tremendous progress been made to improve understanding basic physical mechanisms and reduce their uncertainties in climate forcing, there is still poor 1) some interact with each other over multiple spatial temporal scales, 2) feedbacks between microphysical dynamical processes local-scale large-scale circulations, 3) significance cloud–aerosol on weather systems as well regional global climate. This review focuses recent theoretical important discusses significances aerosol impacts radiative forcing precipitation extremes associated different cloud systems. The authors summarize main obstacles preventing science from making a leap—for example, lack concurrent profile measurements dynamics, microphysics, aerosols wide region observation side large variability microphysics parameterizations resulting spread modeling results side. Therefore, efforts are needed escalate understanding. Future directions should focus obtaining properties dynamic range scales collected typical regimes closure studies, improving such ice nucleation, mixed-phase properties, hydrometeor size fall speed.

Language: Английский

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Multiphase Chemistry at the Atmosphere–Biosphere Interface Influencing Climate and Public Health in the Anthropocene

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 115(10), P. 4440 - 4475

Published: April 9, 2015

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMultiphase Chemistry at the Atmosphere–Biosphere Interface Influencing Climate and Public Health in AnthropoceneUlrich Pöschl* Manabu Shiraiwa*View Author Information Multiphase Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany*E-mail: [email protected] (U.P.).*E-mail: (M.S.).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 10, 4440–4475Publication Date (Web):April 9, 2015Publication History Received1 September 2014Published online9 April 2015Published inissue 27 May 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500487sCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoicewith CC-BYlicenseArticle Views17935Altmetric-Citations359LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated to reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence given article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit (7 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Aerosols,Atmospheric chemistry,Free radicals,Nanoparticles,Particulate matter e-Alerts

Language: Английский

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Influence of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations across China: A review of methodology and mechanism

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 105558 - 105558

Published: April 8, 2020

Air pollution over China has attracted wide interest from public and academic community. PM2.5 is the primary air pollutant across China. Quantifying interactions between meteorological conditions concentrations are essential to understand variability of seek methods control PM2.5. Since 2013, measurement been widely made at 1436 stations country more than 300 papers focusing on PM2.5-meteorology have published. This article a comprehensive review impact concentrations. We start with an introduction general China, then seasonal spatial variations influences Next, major used quantify checked compared. find that causality analysis suitable for extracting influence individual factors whilst statistical models good quantifying overall effect multiple Chemical Transport Models (CTMs) potential provide dynamic estimation by considering anthropogenic emissions transport evolution pollutants. comprehensively examine mechanisms how may concentrations, including dispersion, growth, chemical production, photolysis, deposition The feedback effects also carefully examined. Based this review, suggestions future research approaches mitigating finally.

Language: Английский

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Aerosol-driven droplet concentrations dominate coverage and water of oceanic low-level clouds

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 363(6427)

Published: Jan. 18, 2019

A lack of reliable estimates cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) aerosols over oceans has severely limited our ability to quantify their effects on properties and extent cooling by reflecting solar radiation-a key uncertainty in anthropogenic climate forcing. We introduce a methodology for ascribing CCN isolating the aerosol from meteorological effects. Its application showed that given meteorology, explains three-fourths variability radiative effect clouds, mainly through affecting shallow cover water path. This reveals much greater sensitivity forcing than previously reported, which means too if incorporated into present models. suggests existence compensating warming yet be discovered, possibly deep clouds.

Language: Английский

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Remote Sensing of Droplet Number Concentration in Warm Clouds: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56(2), P. 409 - 453

Published: April 17, 2018

The cloud droplet number concentration (N d) is of central interest to improve the understanding physics and for quantifying effective radiative forcing by aerosol-cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N d, but it can be inferred from optical depth (τ c) radius (r e) top temperature. This review summarizes issues with this approach quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty 78% pixel-level relatively homogeneous, optically thick unobscured stratiform clouds favorable viewing geometry. even greater if these conditions are met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions reduced 54% assuming random errors instrument In contrast, few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy little variability bias. More such required a error characterization. d dominated r e, therefore, improvements e would greatly quality retrievals. Recommendations made how might achieved. Some existing data sets compared discussed, best practices use current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) recommended. Emerging alternative estimates also considered. First, new ideas additional information upcoming spaceborne second, approaches using high-quality ground-based examined.

Language: Английский

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Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 4785 - 4797

Published: April 19, 2016

Abstract. The Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment was carried out in environs Manaus, Brazil, central region basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. experiment focused on complex interactions among vegetation, atmospheric chemistry, aerosol production one hand their connections to aerosols, clouds, precipitation other. objective understand quantify these linked processes, first under natural conditions obtain a baseline second when altered by effects human activities. To this end, pollution plume Manaus metropolis, superimposed background basin, served as laboratory. present paper, introduction special issue GoAmazon2014/5, presents context motivation GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. nine research sites, including characteristics instrumentation each site, are presented. sites range time point zero (T0) upwind pollution, T1 midst T2 just downwind T3 furthest (70 km). In addition ground low-altitude G-159 Gulfstream I (G-1) observed boundary layer low high-altitude G550 (HALO) operated free troposphere. During 2-year experiment, two Intensive Operating Periods (IOP1 IOP2) also took place that included additional specialized at well flights aircraft. IOP1 February March wet season. IOP2 conducted 15 August October dry G-1 aircraft flew during both IOP2, HALO IOP2. IOPs correspond clean biomass burning seasons, respectively. is year-round, it transported prevailing northeasterly easterly winds This organizes information relevant many papers issue. Information provided vehicle fleet, power plants, industrial activities Manaus. mesoscale synoptic meteorologies Regional long-range transport emissions discussed based satellite observations across South America Africa. Fire locations throughout airshed detailed. conjunction with presented introduction, articles thematic overview anticipated describe detailed results findings

Language: Английский

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Delaying precipitation and lightning by air pollution over the Pearl River Delta. Part I: Observational analyses

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 121(11), P. 6472 - 6488

Published: April 2, 2016

Abstract The radiative and microphysical effects of aerosols can affect the development convective clouds. objective this study is to reveal if overall aerosol have any discernible impact on diurnal variations in precipitation lightning by means both observational analysis modeling. As first part two companion studies, paper concerned with analyzing hourly PM 10 , precipitation, data collected during summers 2008–2012 Pearl River Delta region. Daily were categorized as clean, medium, or polluted so that differences could be examined. Heavy found occur more frequently later day under conditions than clean conditions. Analyses several meteorological factors such air temperature, vertical velocity, wind speed also performed. They suggest influence serve suppress enhance activities, respectively. Under heavy pollution conditions, reduction solar radiation reaching surface delays occurrence strong convection postpones late when invigoration effect likely comes into play. Although particles through daytime, concurrent atmospheric dynamics thermodynamics cannot ruled out.

Language: Английский

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ACRIDICON–CHUVA Campaign: Studying Tropical Deep Convective Clouds and Precipitation over Amazonia Using the New German Research Aircraft HALO

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 97(10), P. 1885 - 1908

Published: Jan. 28, 2016

Abstract Between 1 September and 4 October 2014, a combined airborne ground-based measurement campaign was conducted to study tropical deep convective clouds over the Brazilian Amazon rain forest. The new German research aircraft, High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), modified Gulfstream G550, extensive instrumentation were deployed in near Manaus (State of Amazonas). part German–Brazilian Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Radiation Interactions Dynamics Convective Cloud Systems–Cloud Processes Main Precipitation Systems Brazil: A Contribution Resolving Modeling GPM (Global Measurement) (ACRIDICON– CHUVA) venture quantify aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions their thermodynamic, dynamic, radiative effects by situ remote sensing measurements Amazonia. ACRIDICON–CHUVA field observations carried out cooperation with second intensive operating period Green Ocean 2014/15 (GoAmazon2014/5). In this paper we focus on data measured HALO, which equipped about 30 instruments for meteorological, trace gas, aerosol, cloud, precipitation, spectral solar radiation measurements. Fourteen flights total duration 96 flight hours performed. Five scientific topics pursued: 1) cloud vertical evolution life cycle (cloud profiling), 2) processing aerosol particles gases (inflow outflow), 3) satellite radar validation products), 4) transport mixing (tracer experiment), 5) formation forested/deforested areas. Data collected near-pristine atmospheric conditions environments polluted biomass burning urban emissions. presents general introduction ACRIDICON– CHUVA (motivation addressed topics) HALO its instrument package, as well presentation few selected results acquired during some topics.

Language: Английский

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