Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 045010 - 045010

Published: April 8, 2019

Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification hydrological cycle, evident from increases humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue sea thickness (and extent) spring snow cover extent duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several exhibit significant statistical correlation temperature or reinforcing notion that temperatures precipitation are drivers major various components To progress beyond presentation physical changes, we correspondence between biophysical such as tundra biomass identify numerous disruptions cascading effects throughout trophic levels. These include: increased delivery organic matter nutrients near‐coastal zones; condensed flowering pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch pollinators; vulnerability insect disturbance; shrub biomass; ignition wildfires; growing season CO2 uptake, counterbalancing shoulder winter emissions; carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology thaw; conversion terrestrial aquatic ecosystems; shifting animal distribution demographics. The system now clearly trending away its 20th Century state into unprecedented state, implications not only within but Arctic. indicator time series this study freely downloadable at AMAP.no.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 675 - 717

Published: Oct. 12, 2015

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess system's key functions processes: (1) delivery of fresh low‐salinity waters to by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during freeze/thaw cycle, Pacific inflows; (2) disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, storage) freshwater components within Ocean; (3) release export into bordering convective domains North Atlantic. then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced constrained local quantities geochemical qualities freshwater; these include stratification vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, acidification, biogeochemical cycling. Internal joint effects sea ice decline intensification have strengthened coupling between atmosphere wind drift stresses, solar radiation, moisture exchange), drainage basins discharge, sediment transport, erosion), terrestrial ecosystems greening, dissolved particulate carbon loading, altered phenology biotic components). External acts as both constraint necessary ingredient for deep convection subarctic gyres thus affects Geochemical fingerprints attained likewise exported neighboring systems beyond. Finally, we discuss observed modeled changes this system on seasonal, annual, decadal time scales mechanisms that link marine atmospheric, terrestrial, cryospheric systems.

Language: Английский

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Methane production as key to the greenhouse gas budget of thawing permafrost

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 309 - 312

Published: March 19, 2018

Language: Английский

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The atmospheric role in the Arctic water cycle: A review on processes, past and future changes, and their impacts

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 586 - 620

Published: Dec. 11, 2015

Abstract Atmospheric humidity, clouds, precipitation, and evapotranspiration are essential components of the Arctic climate system. During recent decades, specific humidity precipitation have generally increased in Arctic, but changes poorly known. Trends clouds vary depending on region season. Climate model experiments suggest that increases related to global warming. In turn, feedbacks associated with increase atmospheric moisture decrease sea ice snow cover contributed amplification models captured overall wetting trend limited success reproducing regional details. For rest 21st century, project strong warming increasing different yield results for cloud cover. The differences largest months minimum Evapotranspiration is projected winter summer over oceans land. Increasing net river discharge Ocean. Over summer, rain snowfall surface albedo and, hence, further amplify snow/ice melt. With reducing ice, wind forcing Ocean impacts ocean currents freshwater transport out Arctic. Improvements observations, process understanding, modeling capabilities needed better quantify role water cycle its changes.

Language: Английский

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Transitions in Arctic ecosystems: Ecological implications of a changing hydrological regime

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 121(3), P. 650 - 674

Published: March 1, 2016

Abstract Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last decade, described observed potential impacts of climate change as well other environmental stressors on Arctic ecosystems. There is increasing recognition that projected changes in freshwater sources, fluxes, storage will have profound implications for physical, biogeochemical, biological, ecological processes properties terrestrial However, a significant level uncertainty remains relation to forecasting an intensified hydrological regime cryospheric ecosystem structure function. As ecology component Freshwater Synthesis, we review these uncertainties recommend enhanced coordinated circumpolar research monitoring efforts improve quantification prediction how altered influences local, regional, circumpolar‐level responses systems. Specifically, evaluate (i) productivity; (ii) alterations ecosystem‐level biogeochemical cycling chemical transport; (iii) landscapes, successional trajectories, creation new habitats; (iv) seasonality phenological mismatches; (v) gains or losses species associated trophic interactions. We emphasize need developing process‐based understanding interecosystem interactions, along with improved predictive models. use catchment scale integrated unit study, thereby more explicitly considering chemical, fluxes across full continuum geographic region spatial range hydroecological units (e.g., stream‐pond‐lake‐river‐near shore marine environments).

Language: Английский

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Landslide response to climate change in permafrost regions

Geomorphology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 116 - 128

Published: May 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Illuminating water cycle modifications and Earth system resilience in the Anthropocene

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(4)

Published: Jan. 4, 2020

Abstract Fresh water—the bloodstream of the biosphere—is at center planetary drama Anthropocene. Water fluxes and stores regulate Earth's climate are essential for thriving aquatic terrestrial ecosystems, as well water, food, energy security. But water cycle is also being modified by humans an unprecedented scale rate. A holistic understanding freshwater's role Earth system resilience detection monitoring anthropogenic modifications across scales urgent, yet existing methods frameworks not suited this. In this paper we highlight four core functions (hydroclimatic regulation, hydroecological storage, transport) key related processes. Building on systems theory, review evidence regional‐scale regime shifts disruptions water. We then propose a framework detecting, monitoring, establishing safe limits to identify possible spatially explicit their quantification. sum, presents ambitious scientific policy grand challenge that could substantially improve our in cross‐scale management would be complementary approach tools.

Language: Английский

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Recent changes to Arctic river discharge

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Arctic rivers drain ~15% of the global land surface and significantly influence local communities economies, freshwater marine ecosystems, climate. However, trusted public knowledge pan-Arctic is inadequate, especially for small across Eurasia, inhibiting understanding response to climate change. Here, we calculate daily streamflow in 486,493 river reaches from 1984-2018 by assimilating 9.18 million discharge estimates made 155,710 satellite images into hydrologic model simulations. We reveal larger more heterogenous total water export (3-17% greater) acceleration (factor 1.2-3.3 larger) than previously reported, with substantial differences basins, ecoregions, stream orders, human regulation, permafrost regimes. also find significant changes spring freshet summer intermittency. Ultimately, our results represent an updated, publicly available, accurate uniquely enabled recent advances modeling remote sensing.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 175 - 312

Published: May 24, 2022

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Language: Английский

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Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 85 - 98

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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