Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Advanced Materials and Structures for Functional Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(34)

Published: March 5, 2024

4D printing has attracted tremendous worldwide attention during the past decade. This technology enables shape, property, or functionality of printed structures to change with time in response diverse external stimuli, making original static alive. The revolutionary 4D-printing offers remarkable benefits controlling geometric and functional reconfiguration, thereby showcasing immense potential across fields, including biomedical engineering, electronics, robotics, photonics. Here, a comprehensive review latest achievements using various types materials different additive manufacturing techniques is presented. state-of-the-art strategies implemented harnessing 4D-printed are highlighted, which involve design, functionalities, applications. machine learning approach explored for also discussed. Finally, perspectives on current challenges future trends toward further development summarized.

Language: Английский

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Entangled Mesh Hydrogels with Macroporous Topologies via Cryogelation for Rapid Atmospheric Water Harvesting

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(27)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) is a promising technology to alleviate freshwater scarcity. Recently, hygroscopic salt‐hydrogel composites (HSHCs) have emerged as attractive candidates with their high uptake, versatile designability, and scale‐up fabrication. However, achieving high‐performance SAWH applications for HSHCs has been challenging because of sluggish kinetics, attributed limited mass transport properties. Herein, universal network engineering hydrogels using cryogelation method presented, significantly improving the kinetics HSHCs. As result entangled mesh confinements formed during cryogelation, stable macroporous topology attained maintained within obtained entangled‐mesh (EMHs), leading enhanced properties compared conventional dense (CDHs). With it, corresponding EMHs (HEMHs) simultaneously exhibit faster moisture sorption solar‐driven desorption. Consequently, rapid‐cycling HEMHs‐based harvester delivers practical production 2.85 L kg sorbents −1 day via continuous eight sorption/desorption cycles, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art hydrogel‐based sorbents. Significantly, generalizability this strategy validated by extending it used in Overall, work offers new approach efficiently address long‐standing challenges current HSHCs, promoting them toward next‐generation applications.

Language: Английский

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Constructing Phase Separation in Polymer Gels: Strategies, Functions and Applications

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154, P. 101847 - 101847

Published: June 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metal‐Halogen Interactions Inducing Phase Separation for Self‐Healing and Tough Ionogels with Tunable Thermoelectric Performance

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(30)

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Ionic liquid‐based thermoelectric gels become a compelling candidate for power generation and sensing due to their giant thermopower, good thermal stability, high flexibility, low‐cost production. However, the materials reported date suffer from canonical trade‐offs between self‐healing ability, stretchability, strength, ionic conductivity. Herein, tough ionogel (PEO/LiTFSI/EmimCl) with tunable properties by tailoring metal‐halogen bonding interactions, is developed. Different affinities polymer matrix salts are exploited induce phase separation, resulting in simultaneous enhancement of conductivity mechanical strength. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations spectroscopic analyses show that Cl − ions impair lithium‐ether oxygen coordination, leading changes chain conformation. The migration difference cations anions thus widened transition n‐type p‐type ionogels realized. Furthermore, dynamic interactions metal‐ligand coordination hydrogen yield autonomously capability, large stretchability (2000%), environment‐friendly recyclability. Benefiting these fascinating properties, multifunctional PEO‐based applied sensors, supercapacitors, modules. strategy tuning solvation dominance address optimize macroscopic offers new possibilities design advanced ionogels.

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired Conductivity-Enhanced, Self-Healing, and Renewable Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Wearable Sensors with High Sensitivity

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

The development of silk fibroin-based hydrogels with excellent biocompatibility, aqueous processability, and facile controllability in structure is indeed an exciting advancement for biological research strain sensor applications. However, hydrogel sensors that combine high conductivity, stretchability, reusability, selectivity are still desired. Herein, we report a simple method preparing double-network including fibroin poly(acrylic acid) sodium-polyacrylate (PAA-PAAS) networks. conformation aggregate could be facilely tuned by both ions pH resulting from the PAA-PAAS network. optimized exhibits intriguing properties, such as conductivity (3.67 S/m) transparency, stretchability (1186%) tensile strength 110 kPa, good adhesion reversible compression, self-healing, sensitivity (GF = 10.71). This can detect large-scale small human movements real time, limb movements, heartbeats, pulse. Additionally, its ability to adsorb water recover effectiveness after losing air 90% humidity along capability low-temperature motion detection facilitated ethylene glycol further enhance practical utility. work offers novel approach design flexible bionic sensors.

Language: Английский

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Tough and Fast Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Soft Actuators

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Thermoresponsive hydrogels hold significant potential for soft actuators due to their ability undergo reversible shape deformation in response temperature changes. However, the mechanical brittleness along with slow actuation responsiveness of such limit usage high‐stress environments. Herein, design and fabrication tough fast‐responding thermoresponsive double‐network (DN) hydrogels, specifically developed use actuators, are introduced. Using a one‐pot free‐radical polymerization method, DN composed poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) first network an ether‐based polyurethane (EPU) second network, providing both strength fast variation synthesized. The fabricated exhibit excellent properties, ultimate compressive stress ≈8 MPa, demonstrate rapid actuation, achieving ≈30% linear contraction ≈28% radial within 2 min under hydrothermal conditions at 50 °C. Furthermore, tubular from these act as fluidic sensors, automatically switching fluid flow direction change. These combine toughness, sensing, offering substantial advancements robotics adaptive systems.

Language: Английский

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Dielectric Gels with Microphase Separation for Wide‐Range and Self‐Damping Pressure Sensing

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Abstract Omnipresent vibrations pose a significant challenge to flexible pressure sensors by inducing unstable output signals and curtailing their operational lifespan. Conventional soft sensing materials possess adequate elasticity but prove inadequate in countering vibrations. Moreover, the utilization of conventional highly‐damping for is challenging due substantial hysteresis. To tackle this dilemma, dielectric gels with controlled situ microphase separation have been developed, leveraging miscibility disparity between copolymers solvents. The resulting exhibit exceptional compression stress, remarkable constant, damping capabilities. Furthermore, based on these microphase‐separated show wide detection range low limit, more importantly, excellent performance vibrating surfaces. This work offers high potentials applying complex practical scenarios opens up new avenues applications electronics, biomimetic robots, intelligent sensing.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Clogging Organogels with Excellent Solvent Maintenance, Adjustable Modulus, and Advanced Mechanics for Impact Protection

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(48)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Inspired by mechanically interlocking supramolecular materials, exploiting the size difference between bulky solvent and cross-linked network mesh, a molecular clogging (MC) effect is developed to effectively inhibit migration in organogels. A (branched citrate ester, BCE) with above 1.4 nm designed synthesized. Series of MC-Gels are prepared situ polymerization crosslinked polyurea BCE as gel solvent. The colorless, transparent, highly homogeneous, show significantly improved stability than gels small molecule solvents. As strongly inhibited clogging, content can be precisely controlled, resulting series continuously adjustable mechanics. In particular, modulus MC-Gel regulated from 1.3 GPa 30 kPa, variation 43 000 times. also provides unique high damping (maximum factor 1.9), impact resistant mechanics (high toughness up 40.68 MJ m-3 ). By applying shatter protection items including eggs ceramic armor plates, potential strength, soft materials for wide range applications well demonstrated.

Language: Английский

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Mechanical Regulation of Polymer Gels

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(18), P. 10435 - 10508

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

The mechanical properties of polymer gels devote to emerging devices and machines in fields such as biomedical engineering, flexible bioelectronics, biomimetic actuators, energy harvesters. Coupling network architectures interactions has been explored regulate supportive characteristics gels; however, systematic reviews correlating mechanics interaction forces at the molecular structural levels remain absent field. This review highlights engineering gel a comprehensive mechanistic understanding regulation. Molecular alters architecture manipulates functional groups/moieties level, introducing various permanent or reversible dynamic bonds dissipative energy. usually uses monomers, cross-linkers, chains, other additives. Structural utilizes casting methods, solvent phase regulation, mechanochemistry, macromolecule chemical reactions, biomanufacturing technology construct tailor topological structures, heterogeneous modulus compositions. We envision that perfect combination may provide fresh view extend exciting new perspectives this burgeoning also summarizes recent representative applications with excellent properties. Conclusions are provided from five aspects concise summary, mechanism, biofabrication upgraded applications, synergistic methodology.

Language: Английский

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Self-limiting Selective Phase Separation of Graphene Oxide and Polymer Composites Solution

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Self-limiting selective phase separation (SPS) behavior was reported in the mixture of graphene oxide and polymers solutions. We invented SPS spinning to fabricate hierarchically structured graphene-based fibers with extraordinary flexibility.

Language: Английский

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