Photothermal Nanomaterials: A Powerful Light-to-Heat Converter

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(11), P. 6891 - 6952

Published: May 3, 2023

All forms of energy follow the law conservation energy, by which they can be neither created nor destroyed. Light-to-heat conversion as a traditional yet constantly evolving means converting light into thermal has been enduring appeal to researchers and public. With continuous development advanced nanotechnologies, variety photothermal nanomaterials have endowed with excellent harvesting capabilities for exploring fascinating prospective applications. Herein we review latest progresses on nanomaterials, focus their underlying mechanisms powerful light-to-heat converters. We present an extensive catalogue nanostructured materials, including metallic/semiconductor structures, carbon organic polymers, two-dimensional materials. The proper material selection rational structural design improving performance are then discussed. also provide representative overview techniques probing photothermally generated heat at nanoscale. finally recent significant developments applications give brief outlook current challenges future directions nanomaterials.

Language: Английский

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Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4)

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Language: Английский

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Micro‐/Nanorobots at Work in Active Drug Delivery

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(25)

Published: April 14, 2018

After the tremendous advances over past two decades, micro-/nanorobots can effectively convert other forms of energy into propulsion and movement, as well be navigated to targeted locations under physiological conditions environments. They have been demonstrated potential load, transport, deliver therapeutic payloads directly disease sites, thereby improving efficacy reducing systemic side effects highly toxic drugs. In this feature article, various modalities ranging from chemical/biochemical reactions external fields, motile microorganisms are summarized commented in terms driving forces required by automotive motion biological media, biocompatibility, corresponding advantages limitations biomedical applications. Then, latest developments vitro vivo active drug delivery based on discussed detail. The challenges future prospects also highlighted end. With ever booming research enthusiasm field increasing multidisciplinary cooperation, with intelligence multifunctions will emerge near future, which would a profound impact treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(21)

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Language: Английский

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Molecular machines open cell membranes

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 548(7669), P. 567 - 572

Published: Aug. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5365 - 5403

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Language: Английский

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Biomedical Micro‐/Nanomotors: From Overcoming Biological Barriers to In Vivo Imaging

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(6)

Published: June 24, 2020

Abstract Self‐propelled micro‐ and nanomotors (MNMs) have shown great potential for applications in the biomedical field, such as active targeted delivery, detoxification, minimally invasive diagnostics, nanosurgery, owing to their tiny size, autonomous motion, navigation capacities. To enter clinic, MNMs request biodegradability of manufacturing materials, biocompatibility chemical fuels or externally physical fields, capability overcoming various biological barriers (e.g., biofouling, blood flow, blood–brain barrier, cell membrane), vivo visual positioning navigation. Herein, recent advances synthetic motion‐tracking imaging techniques are highlighted. The challenges future research priorities also addressed. With continued attention innovation, it is believed that, future, will pave way improve drug delivery efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Medical micro/nanorobots in complex media

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(22), P. 8088 - 8112

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This article introduces how various complex media impact the propulsion of micro/nanorobotics and highlights emerging technological approaches to enhance locomotion in environments toward practical medical applicationsin vivo.

Language: Английский

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Small‐Scale Machines Driven by External Power Sources

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(15)

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Abstract Micro‐ and nanorobots have shown great potential for applications in various fields, including minimally invasive surgery, targeted therapy, cell manipulation, environmental monitoring, water remediation. Recent progress the design, fabrication, operation of these miniaturized devices has greatly enhanced their versatility. In this report, most recent on manipulation small‐scale robots based power sources, such as magnetic light, acoustic waves, electric thermal energy, or combinations these, is surveyed. The design propulsion mechanism micro‐ are focus article. Their fabrication also briefly discussed.

Language: Английский

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