Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

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Janus Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to (Bio)Applications

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 6147 - 6191

Published: March 19, 2021

Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) refer to the integration of two or more chemically discrepant composites into one structure system. Studies JNPs have been significant interest due their interesting characteristics stemming from asymmetric structures, which can integrate different functional properties and perform synergetic functions simultaneously. Herein, we present recent progress particles, comprehensively detailing fabrication strategies applications. First, classification is divided three blocks, consisting polymeric composites, inorganic hybrid polymeric/inorganic composites. Then, are alternately summarized, examining self-assembly strategy, phase separation seed-mediated polymerization, microfluidic preparation nucleation growth methods, masking methods. Finally, various intriguing applications presented, including solid surfactants agents, micro/nanomotors, biomedical such as biosensing, controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, combined theranostics. Furthermore, challenges future works in this field provided.

Language: Английский

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Untethered small-scale magnetic soft robot with programmable magnetization and integrated multifunctional modules

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(25)

Published: June 22, 2022

Intelligent magnetic soft robots capable of programmable structural changes and multifunctionality modalities depend on material architectures methods for controlling magnetization profiles. While some efforts have been made, there are still key challenges in achieving profile creating heterogeneous architectures. Here, we directly embed programmed patterns (magnetization modules) into the adhesive sticker layers to construct with profiles geometries then integrate spatially distributed functional modules. Functional modules including temperature ultraviolet light sensing particles, pH sheets, oil foams, positioning electronic component, circuit foils, therapy patch films integrated robots. These test beds used explore multimodal robot locomotion various applications related environmental detection, repairing, gastric ulcer coating, respectively. This proposed approach engineering modular systems has potential expand functionality, versatility, adaptability

Language: Английский

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External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 149 - 174

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in performing various tasks different environments. The significant progress this emerging interdisciplinary field has benefited from the distinctive features of those tiny active agents, such as wireless actuation, navigation under feedback control, and targeted delivery small-scale objects. In recent studies, collective behaviors these machines received tremendous attention because swarming agents can enhance capability adaptability complex environments contrast medical imaging, thus benefiting imaging-guided delivery. review, we summarize research efforts on investigating external power-driven micro/nanorobots, including fundamental understanding swarm formation, navigation, pattern transformation. provides foundation for We also localization using imaging techniques, biological By highlighting critical steps interactions during control applications, envision that microrobotic a promising tool delivering an active, controlled manner.

Language: Английский

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Environmentally Adaptive Shape-Morphing Microrobots for Localized Cancer Cell Treatment

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 18048 - 18059

Published: Oct. 19, 2021

Microrobots have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in microobject manipulation and targeted drug delivery. To realize more complex micro-/nanocargo (e.g., encapsulation release) biological applications, it is highly desirable endow microrobots with a shape-morphing adaptation dynamic environments. Here, environmentally adaptive (SMMRs) been developed by programmatically encoding different expansion rates pH-responsive hydrogel. Due combination magnetic propulsion, microcrab (SMMC) able perform microparticle delivery, including gripping, transporting, releasing "opening–closing" of claw. As proof-of-concept demonstration, microfish (SMMF) designed encapsulate (doxorubicin (DOX)) closing its mouth phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) release the opening slightly acidic solution (pH < 7). Furthermore, localized HeLa cell treatment an artificial vascular network realized SMMF mouth. With continuous optimization size, motion control, imaging technology, these SMMRs will provide ideal platforms for microcargo operations on-demand release.

Language: Английский

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Reconfigurable Magnetic Slime Robot: Deformation, Adaptability, and Multifunction

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(26)

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Magnetic miniature soft‐bodied robots allow non‐invasive access to restricted spaces and provide ideal solutions for minimally invasive surgery, micromanipulation, targeted drug delivery. However, the existing elastomer‐based (silicone) fluid‐based (ferrofluid or liquid metal) magnetically actuated soft have limitations. Owing its limited deformability, small‐scale robot cannot navigate through a highly environment. In contrast, although are more capable of deformation, they also by unstable shape fluid itself, therefore poorly adapted this study, non‐Newtonian slime with both adaptability reconfigurable significant deformation capabilities demonstrated. The can negotiate narrow channels diameter 1.5 mm maneuver on multiple substrates in complex environments. proposed implements various functions, including grasping solid objects, swallowing transporting harmful things, human motion monitoring, circuit switching repair. This study proposes design novel enhances their future applications biomedical, electronic, other fields.

Language: Английский

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A Tissue Adhesion‐Controllable and Biocompatible Small‐Scale Hydrogel Adhesive Robot

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Recently, the realization of minimally invasive medical interventions on targeted tissues using wireless small-scale robots has received an increasing attention. For effective implementation, such should have a strong adhesion capability to biological and at same time easy controlled detachment be possible, which been challenging. To address issue, soft robot with octopus-inspired hydrogel adhesive (OHA) is proposed. Hydrogels different Young's moduli are adapted achieve biocompatible wet by preventing collapse patterns during preloading. Introduction poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for dome-like protuberance structure inside sucker wall polyethylene glycol diacrylate provides tissue attachment in underwater enables temperature changes due its temperature-dependent volume change property. It finally demonstrated that OHA can efficiently implement biomedical functions owing controllable while operating body. Such repeatable possibility pave way future miniature interventions.

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired hydrogel actuator for soft robotics: Opportunity and challenges

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 101764 - 101764

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 236 - 251

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Magnetic helical micro-/nanomachines: Recent progress and perspective

Matter, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 77 - 109

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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