Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(1), P. 478 - 598

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Electrically–transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), others, have proven to attractive for the fabrication of high–performance electrically-transduced chemical sensors due remarkable physical properties originating from 2D structure. This review highlights advances in sensing rely on materials. The structural components such are described, underlying operating principles different types architectures discussed. features, properties, surface chemistry nanostructures dictate performance reviewed. Key application materials, both a historical analytical perspective, summarized four groups analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, biomolecules. is discussed context molecular design, structure–property relationships, device technology. outlook challenges opportunities nanomaterials future development also presented.

Language: Английский

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Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors for chemical and biological sensing

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(22), P. 6872 - 6904

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Meeting the increasing demand for sensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection presents many challenges. In last decade, electronic based on field-effect transistors (FETs) have been widely studied due to their detection, simple test procedure. Among these sensors, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based FET demonstrated tremendous potential of a wide range analytes which is attributed unique structural properties 2D nanomaterials. This comprehensive review discusses recent progress in graphene-, transition metal dichalcogenide-, black phosphorus-based an emphasis low-concentration gases, biomolecules, water contaminants.

Language: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(11), P. 10319 - 10392

Published: April 12, 2022

The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances have promoted ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) channels made two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy capability integration. With atomic thickness, 2D restrict carrier flow within material surface expose it directly environment, leading efficient signal acquisition conversion. This review summarizes latest 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors a comprehensive manner contains material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, prototypes. First, brief description background fundamentals is provided. subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, biological their applications. Then, we highlight challenges commercialization discuss corresponding solution techniques. following section presents systematic survey recent progress developing commercial Lastly, long-standing efforts prospective future development FET-based toward commercialization.

Language: Английский

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Fabrication Technologies for the On‐Chip Integration of 2D Materials

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(3)

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures distinctive properties have motivated on-chip integration, yielding a variety functional superior performance new features. To realize incorporating materials, it requires diverse range device fabrication techniques, which fundamental importance to achieve good reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art techniques for integration materials. First, overview material applications is provided. Second, different approaches used integrating on chips comprehensively reviewed, categorized into synthesis, transfer, film patterning, property tuning/modification. Third, methods van der Waals heterostructures also discussed summarized. Finally, current challenges future perspectives highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Graphene field-effect transistors as bioanalytical sensors: design, operation and performance

The Analyst, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146(2), P. 403 - 428

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Changes in the electrical conductance of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are used to perform quantitative analyses biologically-relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, ions and small molecules.

Language: Английский

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Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Two-Dimensional Materials for Applications

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 1011 - 1022

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

ConspectusSince the rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials, synthetic methods including mechanical exfoliation, solution synthesis, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been developed. Mechanical exfoliation prepares randomly shaped materials with small size. Solution synthesis introduces impurities that degrade performances. CVD is most successful one for low-cost scalable preparation. However, when it comes to practical applications, disadvantages such as high operating temperature (∼1000 °C), probable usage metal catalysts, contamination, defects, interstices introduced by postgrowth transfer are not negligible. These reasons why plasma-enhanced (PECVD), a method enables catalyst-free in situ preparation at low temperature, imperatively desirable.In this Account, we summarize our recent progress on controllable 2D PECVD their applications. We found there was competition between etching nucleation PECVD, making highly obtain desired materials. Under different equilibrium states competition, various diverse morphologies properties were prepared pristine or nitrogen-doped graphene crystals, quantum dots, nanowalls, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), B–C–N ternary (BCxN), etc. also used mild plasma modify treat (e.g., WSe2) properties.PECVD has advantages transfer-free process, industrial compatibility, which enable facile, scalable, clean surfaces interfaces directly noncatalytic substrates. merits significantly benefit as-prepared Field-effect transistors motilities fabricated graphene. By use h-BN dielectric interfacial layer, both mobilities saturated power densities devices improved owing clean, closely contacted interface enhanced thermal dissipation. High-quality enabled promising applications these photodetectors, pressure sensors, biochemical electronic skins, Raman enhancement, To demonstrate commercial several prototypical studied distributed sensor arrays, touching module robot hand braille recognition, smart gloves recording sign language. Finally, discuss opportunities challenges comprehensive methodology future beyond traditional CVD.

Language: Английский

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A Review on Functionalized Graphene Sensors for Detection of Ammonia

Sensors, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 1443 - 1443

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

Since the first graphene gas sensor has been reported, functionalized sensors have already attracted a lot of research interest due to their potential for high sensitivity, great selectivity, and fast detection various gases. In this paper, we summarize recent development progression ammonia (NH

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional Hydrogel Hybrid‐Gated Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Biosensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(26)

Published: March 29, 2022

Abstract Advanced organic bioelectronics enable smooth fusion between modern electronics and biological systems for better physiological monitoring pathological examinations. Photon‐regulated are especially desirable due to the non‐contact impact, remote‐control, even self‐powered operation. However, few studies have addressed advanced photon‐enabled photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) biosensors capable of operation at zero gate bias. Here, on basis a hydrogel/graphene oxide hybrid (denoted as HGH), multifunctional HGH‐gated OPECT biosensor is presented, which exemplified by Ca 2+ ‐triggered gelation CdS quantum dot (QD) photoelectrode linking with sandwich immunoassay toward human IgG model target. Gelation HGH QD electrode can not only inhibit interfacial mass transfer gate/electrolyte interface, but also significantly block light absorption QDs, leading corresponding change channel currents device. At bias, this exhibits high gain in response good analytical performance detection limit 50 fg mL –1 . Given numerous intelligent hydrogel materials their potential interactions light, work unveils general platform developing new class hydrogel‐gated beyond.

Language: Английский

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Improving stability in two-dimensional transistors with amorphous gate oxides by Fermi-level tuning

Nature Electronics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 356 - 366

Published: June 2, 2022

Electronic devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors suffer from limited electrical stability because charge carriers originating the interact with defects in surrounding insulators. In field-effect transistors, resulting trapped charges can lead to large hysteresis and device drifts, particularly when common amorphous gate oxides (such as silicon or hafnium dioxide) are used, hindering stable circuit operation. Here, we show that graphene-based transistors be improved by Fermi-level tuning. We deliberately tune Fermi level of channel maximize energy distance between defect bands aluminium oxide. Charge trapping is highly sensitive energetic alignment band insulator, thus, our approach minimizes amount electrically active border traps without need reduce total number insulator.

Language: Английский

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Amplification‐Free Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a and Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(32)

Published: May 12, 2022

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems have recently received notable attention for their applications in nucleic acid detection. Despite many attempts, the majority of current CRISPR-based biosensors infectious respiratory disease diagnostic still require target preamplifications. This study reports a new biosensor amplification-free detection via harnessing trans-cleavage mechanism Cas13a and ultrasensitive graphene field-effect transistors (gFETs). CRISPR Cas13a-gFET achieves SARS-CoV-2 syncytial virus (RSV) genome down to 1 attomolar without Additionally, we validate performance using clinical samples, including those with low viral loads (Ct value >30). Overall, these findings establish our among most sensitive platforms date.

Language: Английский

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