Electrically Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 120(16), P. 8536 - 8580

Published: April 10, 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are intrinsically porous extended solids formed by coordination bonding between organic ligands and metal ions or clusters. High electrical conductivity is rare in MOFs, yet it allows for diverse applications electrocatalysis, charge storage, chemiresistive sensing, among others. In this Review, we discuss the efforts undertaken so far to achieve efficient transport MOFs. We focus on four common strategies that have been harnessed toward high conductivities. "through-bond" approach, continuous chains of bonds centers ligands' functional groups create pathways. "extended conjugation" metals entire form large delocalized systems. The "through-space" approach harnesses π-π stacking interactions moieties. "guest-promoted" utilizes inherent porosity MOFs host-guest interactions. Studies utilizing less defined pathways also evaluated. For each give a systematic overview structures properties relevant materials. consider benefits limitations developed thus provide an outstanding challenges conductive

Language: Английский

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Functional metal–organic frameworks as effective sensors of gases and volatile compounds

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(17), P. 6364 - 6401

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Developing efficient sensor materials with superior performance for selective, fast and sensitive detection of gases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential human health environmental protection, through monitoring indoor outdoor air pollutions, managing industrial processes, controlling food quality assisting early diagnosis diseases. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a unique type crystalline porous solid material constructed from metal nodes (metal ions or clusters) functional ligands. They have been investigated extensively possible use as high sensors the many different VOCs in recent years, due to their large surface area, tunable pore size, functionalizable sites intriguing properties, such electrical conductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity, luminescence chromism. The porosity MOFs allows them interact strongly various analytes, including VOCs, thus resulting easily measurable responses physicochemical parameters. Although much work on MOF-based luminescent summarized several excellent reviews (up 2018), comprehensive overview these sensing based chemiresistive, magnetic, ferroelectric, colorimertic mechanisms missing. In this review, we highlight most progress developing MOF switching an emphasis electricity, ferroelectricity We provide analysis MOF-analyte interactions which play key role switches. discuss detail applications detecting oxygen, water vapor, toxic (such hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon oxides disulfide) aromatic aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, chlorinated hydrocarbons N,N'-dimethylformamide). Overall, review serves timely source information provides insight future development advanced next-generation gas VOC sensors.

Language: Английский

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MXene chemistry, electrochemistry and energy storage applications

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 389 - 404

Published: April 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Materials: Synthesis, Structures, Properties and Applications

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(7), P. 3751 - 3891

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Among the recent developments in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous layered coordination polymers (CPs) have garnered attention due to their modular nature and tunable structures. These factors enable a number of properties applications, including gas guest sorption, storage separation gases small molecules, catalysis, luminescence, sensing, magnetism, energy conversion. MOFs, two-dimensional (2D) compounds are also known as 2D CPs or MOFs. Since discovery graphene 2004, materials been widely studied. Several MOFs suitable for exfoliation ultrathin nanosheets similar other materials, making these structures useful unique various technological applications. Furthermore, fascinating topological networks entanglements. This review provides an overview different aspects MOF architectures such topology, interpenetration, structural transformations, properties,

Language: Английский

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Assembling Nano–Microarchitecture for Electromagnetic Absorbers and Smart Devices

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(36)

Published: July 19, 2020

Abstract Smart devices, nowadays, are inspiring the infinite vitality and possibilities of intelligent life, such as self‐power electromagnetic (EM) nanogenerator microsensor, smart window, thermally‐driven EM absorber, interstellar energy deliverer, so on. Herein, latest most impressive works 3D nano–micro architectures their devices highly focused The key information, including assembly strategy mechanism, response, approach‐structure‐function relationship, is extracted well‐organized with profundity easy‐to‐understand approach. merit demerit revealed by comparison. What’s more, brightest cutting‐edge constructed reported highlights, device principles deeply dissected. Finally, a profound top comment on fast‐growing field well challenges proposed, future directions predicted intelligently.

Language: Английский

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2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(6), P. 6514 - 6613

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental theoretical efforts chemists, material scientists, physicists, technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing fundamental platforms explore analyze new physical/chemical properties technological phenomena at micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) via chemical physical methods with a suitable choice stacking order, thickness, interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances terms representative materials, general fabrication methods, characterization techniques vital role parameters affecting quality heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses optical, valley, topological states. Finally, we discuss universality applications trends for future electronics optoelectronics (FEO) under challenges opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, synthesis perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Materials, Technology, Design, and Application

Sensors, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(22), P. 6694 - 6694

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

This paper presents an overview of semiconductor materials used in gas sensors, their technology, design, and application. Semiconductor include metal oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, 2D materials. Metal oxides are most often the first choice due to ease fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, stability. Some disadvantages selectivity operating temperature. Conducting polymers have advantage a temperature can detect many organic vapors. They flexible but affected by humidity. Carbon nanotubes chemically mechanically stable sensitive towards NO NH3, need dopants or modifications sense other gases. Graphene, transition chalcogenides, boron nitride, carbides/nitrides, frameworks, oxide nanosheets as represent gas-sensing future, especially medical devices, such breath sensing. covers semiconducting sensing, synthesis methods morphology, nanostructures, heterostructures, materials, well sensor technology application advance electronic circuits systems, research challenges from perspective emerging technologies.

Language: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Chemiresistive Covalent Organic Framework with High Intrinsic Conductivity

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 141(30), P. 11929 - 11937

Published: June 26, 2019

This paper describes the synthesis of a novel intrinsically conductive two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) through aromatic annulation 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa-aminophthalocyanine nickel(II) and pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone. The intrinsic bulk conductivity COF material (termed COF-DC-8) reached 2.51 × 10-3 S/m, increased by 3 orders magnitude with I2 doping. Electronic calculations revealed an anisotropic band structure, possibility for significant contribution from out-of-plane charge-transport to conductivity. Upon integration into chemiresistive devices, this showed excellent responses various reducing oxidizing gases, including NH3, H2S, NO, NO2, parts-per-billion (ppb) limits detection (for NH3 = 70 ppb, H2S 204 NO 5 NO2 16 ppb based on 1.5 min exposure). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron studies suggested that response COF-DC-8 involves charge transfer interactions between analyte nickelphthalocyanine component framework.

Language: Английский

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Two-dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs): chemistry and function for MOFtronics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 2764 - 2793

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Two-dimensional conjugated MOFs are emerging for multifunctional electronic devices that brings us “MOFtronics”, such as (opto)electronics, spintronics, energy devices.

Language: Английский

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Two-dimensional materials in biomedical, biosensing and sensing applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 619 - 657

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the forefront of research. Here we overview their applications beyond graphene, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, monoelemental Xenes (including phosphorene and bismuthene), carbon nitrides, boron nitrides along with carbides (MXenes). We discuss usage in various biomedical environmental monitoring applications, from biosensors to therapeutic treatment agents, toxicity utility chemical sensing. highlight how a specific chemical, physical optical property 2D can influence performance bio/sensing, improve drug delivery photo/thermal therapy well affect toxicity. Such properties determined by crystal phases electrical conductivity, degree exfoliation, surface functionalization, strong photoluminescence, absorption near-infrared range high photothermal conversion efficiency. This review conveys great future all families materials, especially expanding materials' landscape new emerge germanene silicene.

Language: Английский

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