Regiochemistry-Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance Enhancement in Ethylene Glycol-Functionalized Polythiophenes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143(29), P. 11007 - 11018

Published: June 30, 2021

Novel p-type semiconducting polymers that can facilitate ion penetration, and operate in accumulation mode are much desired bioelectronics. Glycol side chains have proven to be an efficient method increase bulk electrochemical doping optimize aqueous swelling. One early polymer which exemplifies these design approaches was p(g2T-TT), employing a bithiophene-co-thienothiophene backbone with glycol the 3,3′ positions of bithiophene repeat unit. In this paper, analogous regioisomeric polymer, namely pgBTTT, synthesized by relocating position on unit p(g2T-TT) from 4,4′ compared original p(g2T-TT). By changing regio-positioning chains, planarizing effects S–O interactions were redistributed along backbone, influence polymer's microstructure organization investigated using grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. The newly designed pgBTTT exhibited lower disorder, closer π-stacking, higher intensity both in-plane out-of-plane GIWAXS effect improved planarity manifested as hole mobility (μ) 3.44 ± 0.13 cm2 V–1 s–1. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) agreement measurements demonstrated, for first time, also intermolecular interdigitation pBTTT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance dissipation energy (eQCM-D) revealed maintains more rigid structure than during doping, minimizing molecular packing disruption maintaining operation mode.

Language: Английский

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Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(8), P. 4693 - 4763

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials further endowed fibers textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, clean energy. Owing to ability be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on polymers gained popularity recently for wearable implantable applications. Herein, we present a review previous current progress polymer-based electronics, particularly focusing smart-wearable areas. First, provide brief overview viewpoint basic concepts functionality requirements different devices. Then analyze existing associated devices interfaces, healthcare energy conversion storage. The working principle performance summarized. Furthermore, focus fabrication techniques Based continuous one-dimensional yarn, introduce two- three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, challenges relevant perspectives potential solutions address related problems.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Lactone‐Based Conjugated Polymers for n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(16)

Published: Jan. 2, 2022

Abstract As new and better materials are implemented for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), it becomes increasingly important to adopt more economic environmentally friendly synthesis pathways with respect conventional transition‐metal‐catalyzed polymerizations. Herein, a series of novel n‐type donor–acceptor‐conjugated polymers based on glycolated lactone bis‐isatin units reported. All the synthesized via green metal‐free aldol polymerization. The strong electron‐deficient lactone‐building blocks provide low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) rigid backbone needed efficient electron mobility up 0.07 cm 2 V −1 s . Instead, polar atoms in ethylene glycol side chains contribute ionic conductivity. resulting OECTs exhibit normalized maximum transconductance g m,norm 0.8 S μC * 6.7 F Data microstructure show that such device performance originates from unique porous morphology together highly disordered amorphous microstructure, leading ion‐to‐electron coupling. Overall, design strategy provides an inexpensive polymerization route high‐performing OECTs.

Language: Английский

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Switching p-type to high-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors via doped state engineering

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

High-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential for logic circuits and sensors. However, the performances of OECTs lag far behind that p-type ones. Conventional wisdom posits LUMO energy level dictates performance. Herein, we show engineering doped state is more critical OECT polymers. By balancing charges to donor moiety, could effectively switch a polymer high-performance material. Based on this concept, polymer, P(gTDPP2FT), exhibits record high performance with μC* 54.8 F cm-1 V-1 s-1, mobility 0.35 cm2 response speed τon/τoff = 1.75/0.15 ms. Calculations comparison studies conversion primarily due uniform charges, stabilized negative polaron, enhanced conformation, backbone planarity at negatively charged states. Our work highlights role understanding polymers'

Language: Английский

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Stretchable Redox‐Active Semiconducting Polymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(23)

Published: April 21, 2022

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) represent an emerging device platform for next-generation bioelectronics owing to the uniquely high amplification and sensitivity biological signals. For achieving seamless tissue-electronics interfaces accurate signal acquisition, skin-like softness stretchability are essential requirements, but they have not yet been imparted onto high-performance OECTs, largely due lack of stretchable redox-active semiconducting polymers. Here, a semiconductor is reported OECT devices, namely poly(2-(3,3'-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5)yl thiophene) (p(g2T-T)), which gives exceptional over 200% strain 5000 repeated stretching cycles, together with performance on par state-of-the-art. Validated by systematic characterizations comparisons different polymers, key design features this polymer that enable combination nonlinear backbone architecture, moderate side-chain density, sufficiently molecular weight. Using highly semiconductor, intrinsically fabricated normalized transconductance (≈223 S cm-1 ) biaxial up 100% strain. Furthermore, on-skin electrocardiogram (ECG) recording demonstrated, combines built-in unprecedented skin conformability.

Language: Английский

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High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors Enabled by Aqueous Solution Processing of Amphiphilicity‐Driven Polymer Assembly

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(16)

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Abstract Despite the growing attention on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), most research has focused design of p‐type active materials, and number high‐performance n‐type materials is limited. Herein, a series naphthalene diimide‐based polymers incorporated with asymmetrically branched oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains are developed to enable green‐solvent‐processed, OECTs. The OEG afford sufficient solubility in eco‐friendly ethanol/water solvent mixtures. Importantly, taking advantage amphiphilic nature OEG‐based polymers, solvents selectively solvate hydrophilic chains, while producing assembled π−π stacks hydrophobic backbones. This enables highly ordered polymer packing preferential edge‐on orientation, thus excellent lateral charge transport. In particular, fine‐tuned P(NDIMTEG‐T) provide compact backbone packing, effective polaron generation, superior stability optimized swelling capability. resultant OECT shows best electrical/electrochemical performance family, represented by high transconductance ( g m ) 0.38 S cm −1 large figure‐of‐merit (µ C *) 0.56 F V s . study demonstrates use aqueous processing OECTs, for first time, suggests important guidelines mixed ionic‐electronic conductors characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical and Electrical Biosensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon-Based Materials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 124(3), P. 722 - 767

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

Bioelectronic devices are designed to translate biological information into electrical signals and vice versa, thereby bridging the gap between living world electronic systems. Among different types of bioelectronics devices, wearable implantable biosensors particularly important as they offer access physiological biochemical activities tissues organs, which is significant in diagnosing researching various medical conditions. Organic conducting semiconducting materials, including polymers (CPs) graphene carbon nanotubes (CNTs), some most promising candidates for biosensors. Their unique electrical, electrochemical, mechanical properties bring new possibilities that could not be realized by utilizing metals- or silicon-based analogues. The use organic- carbon-based conductors development has emerged a rapidly growing research field, with remarkable progress being made recent years. such materials addresses issue mismatched well improvement accuracy fidelity transferred information. In this review, we highlight advances field provide insights organic (semi)conducting materials' relate these their applications wearable/implantable We also perspective on potential exciting future developments

Language: Английский

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Polyaniline-Based Biological and Chemical Sensors: Sensing Mechanism, Configuration Design, and Perspective

ACS Applied Electronic Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 593 - 611

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

By virtue of its tunable electrical conductivity, remarkable solution processing capability, and great biocompatibility, polyaniline (PANI) has been recognized as an attractive active material for use in biological chemical ("bio/chemical") sensors. This Spotlight article focuses on the structure characteristics PANI-based materials corresponding device-level sensing performance. bio/chemical sensors, such chemi-resistive electrochemical transistor-based are systematically elucidated based device architecture mechanism. The structure–function relationships among PANI doping state, microscopic structure, local crystallinity, their functionalities three types sensors have elaborated. Finally, state-of-the-art progress applications these breakthroughs a broader context outlined from challenges to strategies.

Language: Английский

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Understanding asymmetric switching times in accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors

Nature Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 656 - 663

Published: April 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuromorphic Nanoionics for Human–Machine Interaction: From Materials to Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(37)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Human–machine interaction (HMI) technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, enabling seamless communication between humans and machines. Its expansion extended into various emerging domains, including human healthcare, machine perception, biointerfaces, thereby magnifying the demand for advanced intelligent technologies. Neuromorphic computing, a paradigm rooted nanoionic devices that emulate operations architecture of brain, emerged as powerful tool highly efficient information processing. This paper delivers comprehensive review developments device‐based neuromorphic computing technologies their pivotal role shaping next‐generation HMI. Through detailed examination fundamental mechanisms behaviors, explores ability memristors ion‐gated transistors to intricate functions neurons synapses. Crucial performance metrics, such reliability, energy efficiency, flexibility, biocompatibility, are rigorously evaluated. Potential applications, challenges, opportunities using HMI technologies, discussed outlooked, shedding light on fusion with

Language: Английский

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