A global perspective on e-waste recycling

Circular Economy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 100028 - 100028

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the relatively fast-growing solid streams, with an annual growth rate 3%–5%. Although international policies have been formulated to better limit global transboundary movement hazardous waste, existence illegal trade and "informal" recycling has exacerbated e-waste. At present, residents in many low-income areas are still illegally unscientifically disposing e-waste profit from it. The toxic harmful substances produced affect ecological environment through geochemical cycle. In this review, we provide a systematic overview status quo globally. E-waste placed into framework, grouped by product type, quantity, composition, environmental health risk, impact. Management measures, legislative policies, current disposal, summarized at international, regional, national levels, illustrating challenges collection disposal. Techniques such as physical dismantling, component recycling, metal extraction, re-utilization non-metallic materials described, which can long-term impact on ecosystem. We advocate that sustainable be supported regional cooperation, management, technology development, eco-friendly design. This study provides solution for

Language: Английский

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Recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries: Status, technologies, challenges, and prospects

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 112515 - 112515

Published: May 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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A review of the life cycle assessment of electric vehicles: Considering the influence of batteries

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 814, P. 152870 - 152870

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Adaptable Eutectic Salt for the Direct Recycling of Highly Degraded Layer Cathodes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(44), P. 20306 - 20314

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is promising for resource reuse and environmental conservation but suffers from complex processing loss of embedded value LIBs in conventional metallurgy-based recycling routes. Herein, we selected a eutectic LiI-LiOH salt with the lowest point among binary lithium systems to provide Li-rich molten environment, not only offering excess benefiting ion diffusion compared that solid environment. Hence, highly degraded LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 which high Li-deficiency serious structural defects harmful phase transitions directly regenerated. A facile one-step heating strategy presence combination Co2O3 MnO2 additives simplifies process also endows cathode materials supplementation ordering, contributes restoration capacity stable cycling performance. In particular, this low helps decrease temperature time direct shows good adaptability other layer oxide (LiCoO2 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) varying chemistry. As such, feasibility route improved broadened simple efficient processing, providing an idea energy-saving regeneration future LIB recycling.

Language: Английский

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Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(23), P. 8194 - 8244

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Unlike conventional recycling methods that focus on 'extraction', direct aims for 'repair', which necessitates selecting and designing a strategy based the failure mechanisms of spent lithium ion battery materials.

Language: Английский

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Toward Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Next-Generation Recycling Method

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 2839 - 2887

Published: March 1, 2024

The popularity of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has led to the drastically increasing consumption lithium-ion batteries recently, raising concerns about disposal recycling spent batteries. However, rate worldwide at present is extremely low. Many factors limit promotion battery rate: outdated technology most critical one. Existing metallurgy-based methods rely on continuous decomposition extraction steps with high-temperature roasting/acid leaching processes many chemical reagents. These are tedious worse economic feasibility, products mostly alloys or salts, which can only be used as precursors. To simplify process improve benefits, novel in urgent demand, direct recycling/regeneration therefore proposed a next-generation method. Herein, comprehensive review origin, current status, prospect provided. We have systematically analyzed summarized their limitations, pointing out necessity developing methods. A detailed analysis for discussions advantages, obstacles conducted. Guidance future toward large-scale industrialization well green efficient systems also

Language: Английский

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Progress, challenges, and prospects of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling: A review

Journal of Energy Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 144 - 171

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Advances and challenges in anode graphite recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 439, P. 129678 - 129678

Published: July 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling in the Circular Economy: A Review

Recycling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 33 - 33

Published: May 28, 2022

Lithium-ion batteries have become a crucial part of the energy supply chain for transportation (in electric vehicles) and renewable storage systems. Recycling is considered one most effective ways recovering materials spent LIB streams circulating material in critical chain. However, few review articles been published research domain recycling circular economy, with mainly focusing on either methods or challenges opportunities economy LIBs. This paper reviewed 93 (66 original 27 articles) identified Web Science core collection database. The study showed that publications area are increasing exponentially, many recovery-related issues; policy regulatory affairs received less attention than recycling. Most studies were experiments followed by evaluation planning (as per categorization made). Pre-treatment processes widely discussed, which hydrometallurgy direct physical (DPR). DPR promising technique requires further attention. Some issues require consideration include techno-economic assessment process, safe reverse logistics, global EV revealing recovery potential, lifecycle (both hydrometallurgical pyrometallurgical processes). Furthermore, application business model associated stakeholders’ engagement, clear definitive guidelines, extended producer responsibility implications, tracking, identification deserve focus. presents several future directions would be useful academics policymakers taking necessary steps such as product design, integrated techniques, intra-industry stakeholder cooperation, development, analysis, others towards achieving value

Language: Английский

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A Ternary Molten Salt Approach for Direct Regeneration of LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ Cathode

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(43)

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an urgent task in view of the resource shortage and environmental concerns. Here, a facile ternary molten salt approach presented for efficiently regenerating LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 (NCM523) cathode LIBs. Such involves treatment powder at moderate temperature (400 °C) subsequent annealing oxygen. The Li loss degraded phases NCM that cause capacity decay can be fully remedied after regeneration process. As result, regenerated delivers reversible 160 mAh g-1 0.5 C with retention 93.7% 100 cycles maintains high 132 rate 5 C. electrochemical performance compared favorably to fresh cathode, which demonstrates feasibility directly regenerate cathode.

Language: Английский

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