Current Advances in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and the Future Potential of PDT-Combinatorial Cancer Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1023 - 1023

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that implies the use of light energy, oxygen, and light-activated compounds (photosensitizers) to elicit cancerous precancerous cell death after activation (phototoxicity). The biophysical, bioengineering aspects its combinations with other strategies are highlighted in this review, both conceptually as they currently applied clinically. We further explore recent advancements PDT nanotechnology, including quantum dots innovative photosensitizers or energy donors well combination radiotherapy immunotherapy future promising cancer treatments. Finally, we emphasize potential significance organoids physiologically relevant models for PDT.

Language: Английский

---

pH/GSH dual responsive nanosystem for nitric oxide generation enhanced type I photodynamic therapy

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 414 - 421

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Tumor hypoxia diminishes the effectiveness of traditional type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to oxygen consumption. Type I PDT, which can operate independently oxygen, is a viable option for treating hypoxic tumors. In this study, we have designed and synthesized JSK@PEG-IR820 NPs that are responsive tumor microenvironment (TME) enhance PDT through glutathione (GSH) depletion. Our approach aims expand sources therapeutic benefits by promoting generation superoxide radicals (O

Language: Английский

---

Guest‐Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Supramolcular Macrocycle Scintillators for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2024

Abstract Organic scintillators, pivotal in security and medical applications, face challenges due to limited X‐ray absorption exciton utilization. Herein, a novel class of organic scintillators is introduced, named guest‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) within supramolecular macrocycles via host‐guest through‐space charge transfer (TSCT). Four co‐crystals are obtained through orthogonal crystallizations involving calix[3]acridan (C[3]A) calix[3]phenothiazine (C[3]P) as hosts, along with 1,2‐dicyanobenzene (DCB) 4‐bromo‐1,2‐benzenedicarbonitrile (BrDCB) guests. Interestingly, DCB@C[3]A BrDCB@C[3]A exhibit strong TSCT reduced single‐triplet energy gap for efficient TADF emission, which leads enhanced utilization absorption, yielding radioluminescence intensities over 29 25 times higher than C[3]A. Similarly, substituting C[3]A C[3]P, the also outperform C[3]P scintillation performance. Additionally, color can be adjusted by varying electron‐donating abilities electron‐accepting guests, offering simpler color‐tuning mechanism covalent‐bonded scintillators. Furthermore, flexible film based on exhibits promising application radiography, showcasing high spatial resolution 20 lp mm −1 @MTF = 0.77. The innovative strategy fabricating reversible non‐covalent interactions presents solution designing color‐tunable high‐performance

Language: Английский

---

Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Nanoscintillators for X‐Ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract X‐ray induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) leverages penetrating to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for treating deep‐seated tumors. However, conventional X‐PDT typically relies on heavy metal inorganic scintillators and organic photosensitizers produce , which presents challenges related toxicity energy conversion efficiency. In this study, highly biocompatible phosphorescent nanoscintillators based hydrogen‐bonded frameworks (HOF) are designed engineered, termed BPT‐HOF@PEG, enhance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. BPT‐HOF@PEG functions simultaneously as both scintillator photosensitizer, effectively absorbing transferring abundant . Both vitro vivo investigations demonstrate that internalized efficiently produces significant quantities of upon irradiation. Additionally, exposure directly inflicts DNA damage, the synergistic effects these mechanisms result pronounced cell death substantial tumor growth inhibition, with a inhibition rate up 90.4% assessments. RNA sequencing analyses reveal induces apoptosis Hepa1‐6 cells while inhibiting proliferation, culminating death. Therefore, work highlights considerable potential efficient HOF nanoscintillators‐based promising therapeutic approach HCC, providing effective alternative negligible patients unresectable

Language: Английский

---

Pure Organic AIE Nanoscintillator for X‐ray Mediated Type I and Type II Photodynamic Therapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(26)

Published: July 9, 2023

X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) circumvents the poor penetration depth of conventional PDT with minimal radio-resistance generation. However, X-PDT typically requires inorganic scintillators as energy transducers to excite neighboring photosensitizers (PSs) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a pure organic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoscintillator (TBDCR NPs) that can massively both type I and II ROS under direct irradiation is reported for hypoxia-tolerant X-PDT. Heteroatoms are introduced enhance harvesting generation ability, AIE-active TBDCR exhibits aggregation-enhanced especially less oxygen-dependent hydroxyl radical (HO

Language: Английский

---

Activated aggregation‐induced emission therapeutics agents for triggering regulated cell death

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract The induction of regulated cell death (RCD) through photo/ultrasound sensitization therapeutic agents has gained significant attention as a vital approach to combat drug resistance in tumors. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) generate reactive oxygen species activation, which can synergize with RCD inducers or directly induce RCD, ultimately resulting the tumor cells. presented comprehensive review delves into recent advancements AIE designed trigger inducers, encompassing apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, immunogenic death, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Additionally, intricate regulatory mechanisms activatory‐AIE therapeutics influence distinct pathways are examined. A forward‐looking perspective on future developments pertinent challenges within this exciting realm is presented, anticipating continued evolution activatable transformative enhance therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Turning Nonemissive CsPb₂Br₅ Crystals into High-Performance Scintillators through Alkali Metal Doping

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 2503 - 2510

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

X-ray scintillators have utility in radiation detection, therapy, and imaging. Various materials, such as halide perovskites, organic illuminators, metal clusters, been developed to replace conventional due their ease of fabrication, improved performance, adaptability. However, they suffer from self-absorption, chemical instability, weak stopping power. Addressing these limitations, we employ alkali doping turn nonemissive CsPb

Language: Английский

---

Nanomaterial-based regulation of redox metabolism for enhancing cancer therapy

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the dysregulation redox metabolism in cancer cells and advantages latest advances nanomaterial-assisted metabolic regulation therapy.

Language: Английский

---

X ‐Ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy for Deep‐Seated Tumors

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown remarkable efficacy in treating superficial cancers, but the issue of limited penetration depth with visible light excitation spurred many innovative solutions. Due to nearly unlimited X-rays living tissues and organisms, X-ray technology is an ideal method for activating nanosystems cancer treatment biomedical imaging applications. Creatively harnessing penetrating as external source led significant advancements improving traditional PDT treatments deep-seated tumors over past few years. This chapter describes concept X-ray-activated PDT, outlines interaction mechanisms between nanosystems, introduces application X-ray-sensitive materials tumors. The also provides some prospects future development X-ray-induced PDT.

Language: Английский

---

A Lanthanide Nanoparticle–Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer Complex System Drives Coupled Triplet Energy Transfer for Enhanced Radio-Photodynamic Therapy

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Cerenkov light (CL), utilized as an internal excitation source for photodynamic therapy (PDT), addresses the limitations of laser penetration and has substantial potential seamlessly integrating clinical radiotheranostics with phototheranostics. Nevertheless, effectiveness CL-mediated PDT is significantly hindered by challenges, such low intensity CL inadequate energy transfer between donor photosensitizers (PSs). In this study, a novel approach introduced enhanced radionuclide-activated radio-photodynamic utilizing hybrid nanoparticle system composed lanthanide nanoparticles aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer (AIE PS), designated LnNP–TQ NPs. This enables to optimize decay radionuclides, effectively sensitizing AIE PS through triplet (TET)-mediated processes efficiency approaching 100%. When activated radionuclide 18F positron tomography imaging, NPs substantially inhibited tumor growth via effective singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. strategy, which optimally harnesses achieves efficient transfer, offers promising pathway enhancing radiotherapy–phototherapy efficacy in treatment.

Language: Английский

---