Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Abstract Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining influence of environmental variability on within-species diversity lacking despite critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence speciation. Here, using a dataset 144 wild chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) communities, we show chimpanzees exhibit greater in environments more — both recent historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is presence larger number including tool non-tool use behaviours. Since than half behaviours investigated also likely be cultural, suggest was evolutionary force promoting behavioural, as well cultural great apes.

Language: Английский

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Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 363(6434), P. 1453 - 1455

Published: March 8, 2019

More than just numbers We often frame negative human impacts on animal species in terms of individuals reduced or regions from which are absent. However, activities likely affecting more complex ways these figures can capture. Kühl et al. studied behavioral and cultural diversity our closest relative, the chimpanzee. They found that human-mediated disturbance is reducing traits. Human influence thus goes well beyond simple loss populations species, leading to change even where persist. Science , this issue p. 1453

Language: Английский

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Global Demand for Natural Resources Eliminated More Than 100,000 Bornean Orangutans

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 761 - 769.e5

Published: Feb. 15, 2018

Language: Английский

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Estimating abundance and growth rates in a wild mountain gorilla population

Animal Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 455 - 465

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Abstract Monitoring population size and growth over time is vital for the conservation of endangered species. Mountain gorillas Gorilla beringei remain in two small populations that span borders Democratic Republic Congo, Rwanda Uganda. Each contains subpopulations receive differing levels protection: monitored groups are visited daily by park staff researchers can be counted sight, whereas number rate unmonitored must estimated indirectly. Here, we re‐analyze published data from a survey 2010 combined with new results conducted during sampling occasions 2015 2016 to estimate mountain gorilla abundance Virunga Massif between 2016. Using genetic analysis non‐invasively collected samples capture–mark–recapture estimates, 186 detected genotypes represented 221 (95% credible interval: 204–243) 251 (205–340) Together 418 gorillas, overall thus reached 639 (622–661) 669 (623–758) individuals. We entire at about 3% per year, but determined (4.4%) mainly drove increase. In contrast, trend subpopulation could not confidence because both models provided 95% CI encompassed zero: 0.5% year (−0.7% +1.7%) 1.1% (−2.7% +4.4%). While represents rare success story primate conservation, our highlight need greater protection gorillas.

Language: Английский

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Population dynamics and genetic connectivity in recent chimpanzee history

Cell Genomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(6), P. 100133 - 100133

Published: June 1, 2022

Knowledge on the population history of endangered species is critical for conservation, but whole-genome data chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) geographically sparse. Here, we produced first non-invasive geolocalized catalog genomic diversity by capturing chromosome 21 from 828 samples collected at 48 sampling sites across Africa. The four recognized subspecies show clear genetic differentiation correlating with known barriers, while previously undescribed exchange suggests that these have been permeable a local scale. We obtained detailed reconstruction stratification and fine-scale patterns isolation, migration, connectivity, including comprehensive picture admixture bonobos paniscus). Unlike humans, did not experience extended episodes long-distance migrations, which might limited cultural transmission. Finally, based rare variation, implement fine-grained geolocalization approach demonstrating improved precision in determining origin confiscated chimpanzees.

Language: Английский

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Climate change, grazing, and collecting accelerate habitat contraction in an endangered primate

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 88 - 97

Published: Jan. 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenarios

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Aim Modelling African great ape distribution has until now focused on current or past conditions, whilst future scenarios remain scarcely explored. Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we predicted changes in taxon-specific under of climate, land-use and human population changes. Location Sub-Saharan Africa Methods We compiled occurrence data populations from the IUCN A.P.E.S. database extracted relevant human-, climate- habitat-related predictors representing (2050) conditions to predict a best- worst-case scenario, using forecasting. Given large effect model predictions, further tested algorithm sensitivity by considering default non-default modelling options. The latter included interactions between polynomial terms correlative algorithms. Results distributions gorilla bonobo are likely be directly determined climate-related variables. In contrast, chimpanzee is influenced mostly anthropogenic Both our approaches produced similar accuracy, although slight difference magnitude range change was found for Gorilla beringei beringei, G. diehli , Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii . On average, decline 50% geographic ( ; 55% ) expected best scenario if no dispersal occurs (57% 58% worst scenario). However, new areas suitable habitat become available most taxa (81% 103% best, 93% 91% worst, respectively), except b. Main Conclusions Despite uncertainty predicting precise proportion 2050, both losses all apes. Thus, conservation planners urgently need integrate planning simultaneously support climate mitigation measures at decision-making levels countries abroad.

Language: Английский

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Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenarios

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1663 - 1679

Published: June 6, 2021

Abstract Aim Modelling African great ape distribution has until now focused on current or past conditions, while future scenarios remain scarcely explored. Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we predicted changes in taxon‐specific under of climate, land use and human populations for (1) areas outside protected (PAs) only (assuming complete management effectiveness PAs), (2) the entire study region (3) interspecies range overlap. Location Tropical Africa. Methods We compiled occurrence data ( n = 5,203) apes from IUCN A.P.E.S. database extracted relevant climate‐, habitat‐ human‐related predictors representing (2050) conditions to predict change a best‐ worst‐case scenario, using forecasting. Results The predictive performance models varied across taxa. Synergistic interactions between are shaping distribution, particularly variables. On average taxa, decline 50% is expected PAs best scenario if no dispersal occurs (61% worst scenario). Otherwise, 85% reduction occur regions (94% worst). However, gains (52% best, 21% worst), with slight increase (66% 24% Moreover, more than half losses where interspecific ranges Main Conclusions Massive by 2050, but gain uncertain as will not be able occupy these new immediately due their limited capacity, migration lag ecological constraints. Given that most PAs, Africa's PA network likely insufficient preserving suitable habitats maintaining connected populations. Thus, conservation planners urgently need integrate planning climate mitigation measures at all decision‐making levels both countries abroad.

Language: Английский

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Using nonhuman culture in conservation requires careful and concerted action

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Abstract Discussions of how animal culture can aid the conservation crisis are burgeoning. As scientists and conservationists working to protect endangered species, we call for reflection on concept may be applied in practice. Here, discuss both potential benefits shortcomings applying concept, propose a set achievable milestones that will help guide ensure its effective integration existing frameworks, such as Adaptive Management cycles or Open Standards.

Language: Английский

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Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S.—the case of a taxon-specific database

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 064001 - 064001

Published: March 26, 2019

Abstract Even though information on global biodiversity trends becomes increasingly available, large taxonomic and spatial data gaps persist at the scale relevant to planning conservation interventions. This is because collectors are hesitant share with repositories due workload, lack of incentives, perceived risk losing intellectual property rights. In contrast, greater conceptual methodological proximity, taxon-specific database initiatives can provide more direct benefits through research collaborations shared authorship. The IUCN SSC Ape Populations, Environments Surveys (A.P.E.S.) was created in 2005 as a repository for great apes other primate taxa. It aims acquire field survey make different types accessible, up-to-date species status information. To support current update action plan western chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) we compiled surveys this taxon from A.P.E.S., 75% which were unpublished. We used modeling infer total population size, range-wide density distribution, connectivity landscape-scale metrics. estimated abundance 52 800 (95% CI 17 577–96 564) chimpanzees, only 17% occurred national parks. also found that 10% live within 25 km four multi-national ‘development corridors’ currently planned West Africa. These infrastructure projects aim promote economic integration agriculture expansion, but likely cause further habitat loss reduce connectivity. close by demonstrating wealth conservation-relevant derivable like A.P.E.S. propose network many such databases could be essential neither supplied one-off nor repositories, thus highly complementary existing initiatives.

Language: Английский

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