Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 355 - 355
Published: Jan. 26, 2023
Early
cognitive
decline
in
patients
with
Alzheimer's
(AD)
is
associated
quantifiable
structural
and
functional
connectivity
changes
the
brain.
AD
dysregulation
of
Aβ
tau
metabolism
progressively
disrupt
normal
synaptic
function,
leading
to
loss
synapses,
decreased
hippocampal
density
early
atrophy.
Advances
brain
imaging
techniques
living
have
enabled
transition
from
clinical
signs
symptoms-based
diagnosis
biomarkers-based
diagnosis,
techniques,
quantitative
EEG,
body
fluids
sampling.
The
hippocampus
has
a
central
role
semantic
episodic
memory
processing.
This
function
critically
dependent
on
intrahippocampal
connections
many
cortical
regions,
including
perirhinal
entorhinal
cortex,
parahippocampal
association
regions
temporal
parietal
lobes,
prefrontal
cortex.
Therefore,
reflected
altered
intrinsic
networks
(aka
large-scale
networks),
memory,
default
mode,
salience
networks.
narrative
review
discusses
recent
critical
issues
related
detecting
AD-associated
markers
high-risk
or
neuropsychologically
diagnosed
subjective
impairment
mild
impairment.
General Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
35(1), P. e100751 - e100751
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
China's
population
has
rapidly
aged
over
the
recent
decades
of
social
and
economic
development
as
neurodegenerative
disorders
have
proliferated,
especially
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
related
dementias
(ADRD).
AD's
incidence
rate,
morbidity,
mortality
steadily
increased
to
make
it
presently
fifth
leading
cause
death
among
urban
rural
residents
in
China
magnify
resulting
financial
burdens
on
individuals,
families
society.
The
'Healthy
Action'
plan
2019-2030
promotes
transition
from
treatment
health
maintenance
for
this
expanding
with
ADRD.
This
report
describes
epidemiological
trends,
evaluates
burden
disease,
outlines
current
clinical
diagnosis
status
delineates
existing
available
public
resources.
More
specifically,
examines
impact
ADRD,
including
prevalence,
mortality,
costs,
usage
care,
overall
effect
caregivers
In
addition,
special
presents
technical
guidance
supports
prevention
AD,
provides
expertise
guide
relevant
governmental
healthcare
policy
suggests
an
information
platform
international
exchange
cooperation.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(15), P. 6548 - 6575
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles,
especially
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
are
now
accepted
as
important
messengers
in
cell-to-cell
communication
and
a
promising
drug
delivery
platform.They
involved
nearly
all
physiological
pathological
processes
disease
diagnosis
therapy.However,
their
heterogeneity
of
physicochemical
properties
functions
is
not
fully
understood,
which
hinders
further
clinical
applications.To
obtain
highly
bioactive
sEVs
with
both
high
yield
purity,
will
certainly
facilitate
future
study
application.This
review
informs
up-to-date
research
on
frequently-used
cutting-edge
technologies
isolation
makes
deep
comparison
analysis
different
methods,
including
advantages,
limitations
applications.Pending
questions
about
the
inherent
property
these
well
strategies
discussed.Additionally,
an
overview
applications
treatment,
some
on-going
trials,
also
reviewed.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: June 27, 2022
Central
nervous
system
(CNS)
diseases,
such
as
multiple
sclerosis,
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
and
Parkinson's
(PD),
affect
millions
of
people
around
the
world.
Great
efforts
were
put
in
related
research,
but
few
breakthroughs
have
been
made
diagnostic
therapeutic
approaches.
Exosomes
are
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
containing
diverse
biologically
active
molecules
secreted
by
their
cell
origin.
These
contents,
including
nucleic
acids,
proteins,
lipids,
amino
metabolites,
can
be
transferred
between
different
cells,
tissues,
or
organs,
regulating
various
intercellular
cross-organ
communications
normal
pathogenic
processes.
Considering
that
cellular
environment
state
strongly
impact
content
uptake
efficiency
exosomes,
detection
biological
fluids
composition
analysis
potentially
offer
a
multicomponent
readout
several
human
diseases.
Recently,
studies
found
aberrant
secretion
exosomes
closely
to
pathogenesis
CNS
Besides,
loading
natural
cargoes,
deliver
drugs
cross
blood
brain
barrier,
making
them
emerging
candidates
biomarkers
therapeutics
for
In
this
review,
we
summarize
discuss
advanced
research
progress
pathological
processes
diseases
regarding
with
neuroinflammation,
repair,
protein
aggregation.
Moreover,
propose
strategies
applying
diagnosis,
early
detection,
treatment
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(11), P. 4952 - 4966
Published: April 18, 2023
Brain
cell-derived
small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
in
blood
offer
unique
cellular
and
molecular
information
related
to
the
onset
progression
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
We
simultaneously
enriched
six
specific
sEV
subtypes
from
plasma
analyzed
a
selected
panel
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
older
adults
with/without
cognitive
impairment.Total
sEVs
were
isolated
participants
with
normal
cognition
(CN;
n
=
11),
mild
impairment
(MCI;
MCI
conversion
AD
dementia
(MCI-AD;
6),
(n
11).
Various
brain
(from
neurons,
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocytes,
pericytes,
endothelial
cells)
for
miRNAs.miRNAs
differentially
expressed
MCI,
MCI-AD,
compared
CN
group
clearly
distinguished
status,
an
area
under
curve
(AUC)
>
0.90
correlated
temporal
cortical
region
thickness
on
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI).miRNA
analyses
could
serve
as
novel
blood-based
biomarker
AD.Multiple
be
blood.
MicroRNA
(miRNA)
expression
detect
(AD)
high
specificity
sensitivity.
miRNA
(MRI).
Altered
miRNAs
sEVCD31
sEVPDGFRβ
suggested
vascular
dysfunction.
predict
activation
state
cell
types.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Oct. 24, 2023
Abstract
Plasma
amyloid-β
(Aβ)42,
phosphorylated
tau
(p-tau)181,
and
neurofilament
light
chain
(NfL)
are
promising
biomarkers
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD).
However,
whether
these
can
predict
AD
in
Chinese
populations
is
yet
to
be
fully
explored.
We
therefore
tested
the
performance
plasma
126
participants
with
preclinical
123
controls
8–10
years
follow-up
from
China
Cognition
Aging
Study.
Aβ42,
p-tau181,
NfL
were
significantly
correlated
cerebrospinal
fluid
counterparts
altered
AD.
Combining
successfully
discriminated
controls.
These
findings
validated
a
replication
cohort
including
51
familial
mutation
carriers
52
non-carriers
Familial
Disease
Network.
Here
we
show
that
may
useful
for
predicting
8
before
clinical
onset
populations.
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36, P. 126 - 156
Published: March 2, 2024
Small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
are
known
to
be
secreted
by
a
vast
majority
of
cells.
These
sEVs,
specifically
exosomes,
induce
specific
cell-to-cell
interactions
and
can
activate
signaling
pathways
in
recipient
cells
through
fusion
or
interaction.
nanovesicles
possess
several
desirable
properties,
making
them
ideal
for
regenerative
medicine
nanomedicine
applications.
properties
include
exceptional
stability,
biocompatibility,
wide
biodistribution,
minimal
immunogenicity.
However,
the
practical
utilization
particularly
clinical
settings
at
large
scale,
is
hindered
expensive
procedures
required
their
isolation,
limited
circulation
lifetime,
suboptimal
targeting
capacity.
Despite
these
challenges,
sEVs
have
demonstrated
remarkable
ability
accommodate
various
cargoes
found
extensive
applications
biomedical
sciences.
To
overcome
limitations
broaden
potential
applications,
researchers
should
strive
deepen
understanding
current
loading,
characterization
techniques.
Additionally,
acquiring
fundamental
knowledge
about
origins
employing
state-of-the-art
methodologies
expand
research
scope.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
exosome-based
strategies
diverse
domains,
encompassing
cancer
therapy,
immunotherapy,
biomarker
Furthermore,
we
emphasize
immense
exosomes
medicine.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(17), P. 9543 - 9543
Published: Sept. 2, 2021
Exosomes
are
becoming
increasingly
important
therapeutic
biomaterials
for
use
in
a
variety
of
applications
due
to
their
unique
characteristics,
especially
the
ineffectiveness
and
cytotoxicity
some
existing
therapies
synthetic
nanocarriers.
They
highly
promising
as
carriers
drugs,
genes,
other
agents
that
can
be
incorporated
into
interior
or
onto
surface
through
various
modification
techniques
improve
targeting
abilities.
In
addition,
they
biocompatible,
safe,
stable.
The
review
focuses
on
different
types
exosomes
methods
preparation,
including
incorporation
kinds
cargo,
drug
delivery
purposes.
particular,
importance
effectiveness
vehicles
applications,
diseases
disorders
such
cancer
treatment,
cardiovascular
neurodegenerative
diseases,
emphasized.
Administration
routes
body
also
included.
A
novelty
article
is
emphasis
global
companies
already
successfully
developing
testing
biomaterials,
with
focus
most
influential
ones.
Moreover,
comparison
advantages
disadvantages
exosome
production
summarized
first
time.
