Exosomes as Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 687 - 687

Published: March 17, 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that causes systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and abnormalities result in permanent disability. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles found mammals (40–100 nm). They transporter of lipids, proteins, genetic material involved mammalian cell–cell signaling, biological processes, cell signaling. have been identified as playing role rheumatoid arthritis-related inflammation (RA). Uniquely functioning vesicles (EVs) responsible for the transport autoantigens mediators between distant cells. In addition, paracrine factors, such exosomes, modulate immunomodulatory function mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). addition to transporting information, exosomes convey miRNAs studied drug delivery vehicles. animal models, it has observed MSCs secrete EVs with properties, promising results this area. By understanding diversity exosomal contents their corresponding targets, may be possible diagnose autoimmune diseases. can employed diagnostic biomarkers immunological disorders. We here discuss most recent findings regarding diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic potential these nanoparticles provide an overview evidence pertaining biology RA.

Language: Английский

---

Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Language: Английский

---

Innovative Insights into Traumatic Brain Injuries: Biomarkers and New Pharmacological Targets

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2372 - 2372

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue affecting many people across the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality. TBIs often have long-lasting effects, disrupting daily life functionality. They cause two types of damage to brain: primary secondary. Secondary particularly critical as it involves complex processes unfolding after initial injury. These can lead cell death in brain. Understanding how these crucial for finding new treatments. This review examines wide range literature from 2021 2023, focusing on biomarkers molecular mechanisms pinpoint therapeutic advancements. Baseline levels biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain (NF-L), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) TBI, demonstrated prognostic value cognitive outcomes, laying groundwork personalized treatment strategies. In terms pharmacological progress, most promising approaches currently target neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptotic mechanisms. Agents that modulate pathways offer potential reduce TBI's impact aid neurological rehabilitation. Future research poised refine approaches, potentially revolutionizing TBI treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing the Stem Cell Niche in Regenerative Medicine: Innovative Avenue to Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 993 - 993

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Regenerative medicine harnesses the body's innate capacity for self-repair to restore malfunctioning tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a key regenerative strategy, but effectively harness their potential necessitates nuanced understanding of stem niche. This specialized microenvironment regulates critical behaviors including quiescence, activation, differentiation, homing. Emerging research reveals that dysfunction within endogenous neural niches contributes neurodegenerative pathologies impedes regeneration. Strategies such as modifying signaling pathways, or epigenetic interventions niche homeostasis signaling, hold promise revitalizing neurogenesis repair in diseases like Alzheimer's Parkinson's. Comparative studies highly species provide evolutionary clues into niche-mediated renewal mechanisms. Leveraging bioelectric cues crosstalk between gut, brain, vascular further illuminates promising therapeutic opportunities. techniques single-cell transcriptomics, organoids, microfluidics, artificial intelligence, silico modeling, transdifferentiation will continue unravel complexity. By providing comprehensive synthesis integrating diverse views on components, developmental transitions, dynamics, this review unveils new layers complexity integral behavior function, which unveil novel prospects modulate function revolutionary treatments diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome suppresses programmed cell death in traumatic brain injury via PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 2236 - 2258

Published: March 8, 2023

Abstract Aims Recently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HucMSC)‐derived exosome is a new focus of research in neurological diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects HucMSC‐derived both vivo and vitro TBI models. Methods We established mouse neuron models our study. After treatment with exosome, neuroprotection investigated by neurologic severity score (NSS), grip test score, brain water content, cortical lesion volume. Moreover, we determined biochemical morphological changes associated apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis after TBI. Results revealed that could improve function, decrease cerebral edema, attenuate Furthermore, administration suppressed TBI‐induced death, ferroptosis. In addition, exosome‐activated phosphatase tensin homolog‐induced putative kinase protein 1/Parkinson 2 E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (PINK1/Parkin) pathway‐mediated mitophagy However, attenuated when inhibited, PINK1 knockdown. Importantly, also decreased activated PINK1/Parkin vitro. Conclusion Our results provided first evidence played key role through mitophagy.

Language: Английский

---

Research Advances of Engineered Exosomes as Drug Delivery Carrier

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(46), P. 43374 - 43387

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by living cells that have similar membrane composition to parental and carry a variety of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. Therefore, exosomes certain biological activities play an important role in intercellular communication. On the basis its potential as carrier for drug delivery systems, been engineered compensate shortage natural through various engineering strategies improving efficiency, enhancing targeting tissues organs, extending circulating half-life exosomes. This review focuses on loading drugs different strategies, discussions exosome surface modification summarizes advantages disadvantages strategies. In addition, this provides overview recent applications number refractory relapsable diseases. has provide reference further research development

Language: Английский

---

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: June 1, 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They derived from endosomes and wrapped in lipid membranes. involved intracellular metabolism intercellular communication. contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites the cell microenvironment cytoplasm. The contents exosomes can reflect their cells' origin allow observation tissue changes states under disease conditions. Naturally have specific biomolecules act as "fingerprint" parent cells, changed pathological conditions be used biomarkers for diagnosis. low immunogenicity, small size, cross blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make unique engineering carriers. incorporate therapeutic drugs achieve targeted drug delivery. carriers therapy still infancy, but exosome provides a new perspective cell-free therapy. This review discussed relationship occurrence treatment some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications diagnosis disorders were evaluated this review.

Language: Английский

---

Role of lipid signalling in extracellular vesicles-mediated cell-to-cell communication

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. 20 - 26

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Lipid signalling plays a crucial role in extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated cell-to-cell communication. Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-bound structures released by various cell types into the environment. They include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. These contain variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids (such as miRNAs mRNAs), lipids. Lipids important components EVs involved aspects their biogenesis, cargo sorting, functional effects on target cells. In this review, we will discuss how lipid is EV-mediated summary, intricately vesicle-mediated The composition influences interactions with cells, recipient Understanding lipids communication essential for deciphering mechanisms underlying intercellular developing potential therapeutic strategies based EVs.

Language: Английский

---

The Landscape of Exosomes Biogenesis to Clinical Applications

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 3657 - 3675

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from various cells and mediate intercellular communication, altering the behavior or fate of recipient cells. They carry diverse macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. Environmental stressors can change exosomal contents many cells, making them useful for diagnosing chronic disorders, especially neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, cancerous, diabetic diseases. Moreover, exosomes be engineered therapeutic agents to modulate disease processes. State-of-art techniques employed separate including ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography immunoaffinity. However, modern technologies aqueous two-phase system well microfluidics gaining attention in recent years. The article highlighted composition, biogenesis, implications exosomes, standard novel methods isolating applying biomarkers cargo carriers. Keywords: Exosomes, vesicles, biomarkers, carriers, separation

Language: Английский

---

Exosome lncRNA IFNG-AS1 derived from mesenchymal stem cells of human adipose ameliorates neurogenesis and ASD-like behavior in BTBR mice

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Abstract Background The transplantation of exosomes derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) has emerged as a prospective cellular-free therapeutic intervention for the treatment neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), well autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, efficacy hADSC exosome ASD remains to be verified, and underlying mechanism action unclear. Results exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) umbilical cord (hUCMSC) were sequenced 13,915 729 lncRNAs obtained, respectively. present in hADSC-Exos encompass those found hUCMSC-Exos are associated with neurogenesis. biodistribution mouse brain ventricles organoids was tracked, cellular uptake evaluated both vivo vitro. promote neurogenesis organoid ameliorate social deficits model BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR). Fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed lncRNA Ifngas1 significantly increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) adult mice after intraventricular injection. can act molecular sponge miR-21a-3p play regulatory role through miR-21a-3p/PI3K/AKT axis. Conclusion We demonstrated have ability confer neuroprotection functional restoration, attenuation neuroinflammation, inhibition neuronal apoptosis, promotion vitro vivo. hADSC-Exos-derived IFNG-AS1 acts facilitates via signaling pathway, thereby exerting effect. Our findings suggest potential avenue individuals ASD. Graphical

Language: Английский

---