Phototherapy: progress, challenges, and opportunities

Science China Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in self‐immobilizing fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging

Smart Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3)

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Abstract In situ precise detection of bioactive molecules with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution is essential for studying physiological events disease diagnosis. The utilization versatile fluorescent probes in fluorescence imaging offers a powerful tool vivo biomarkers closely associated pathological conditions. However, the dynamic behavior leading to rapid clearance small molecule from regions interest severely compromises their potential imaging. Notably, self‐immobilizing that selectively recognize diseased tissues while improving retention enrichment enable accurate high‐fidelity this review, we aim summarize strategies employed recent advances performance precision using techniques. Lastly, discuss prospects challenges promote further development application more delicate probes.

Language: Английский

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Nitrile-aminothiol bioorthogonal near-infrared fluorogenic probes for ultrasensitive in vivo imaging

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Bioorthogonal chemistry-mediated self-assembly holds great promise for dynamic molecular imaging in living organisms. However, existing approaches are limited to nanoaggregates with 'always-on' signals, suffering from high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and compromised detection sensitivity. Herein we report a nitrile-aminothiol (NAT) bioorthogonal fluorogenic probe (CyNAP-SS-FK) ultrasensitive diagnosis of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. This comprises nitrile-substituted hemicyanine scaffold cysteine tail dually locked biomarker-responsive moieties. Upon dual cleavage by tumor-specific cathepsin B biothiols, the 1,2-aminothiol residue is exposed spontaneously reacts nitrile group situ intramolecular macrocyclization, enabling near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) turn-on as well self-assembly. In male mice, such 'cleavage-click-assembly' regimen allows real-time small cancerous lesions (~2 mm diameter) improved SBR (~5) extended window (~36 h), outperforming conventional clinical assays. study not only presents NAT click reaction-based probes but also highlights generic dual-locked design these probes. Existing can suffer low Here, authors sensing action lesions.

Language: Английский

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Design strategies and applications of cyanine dyes in phototherapy

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

An overview of cyanine dye-based phototherapy agents, including the design strategies, relationships between molecular structures and properties, as well applications in photodynamic therapy, photothermal multimodal combined therapy.

Language: Английский

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Tuning singlet oxygen generation with caged organic photosensitizers

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Abstract Controlling the succession of chemical processes with high specificity in complex systems is advantageous for widespread applications, from biomedical research to drug manufacturing. Despite synthetic advances bioorthogonal and photochemical methodologies, there a need generic approaches that can universally modulate photodynamic reactivity organic photosensitizers. Herein we present strategy fine-tune production singlet oxygen multiple photosensitive scaffolds under activation bioresponsive stimuli. We demonstrate photocatalytic activity nitrobenzoselenadiazoles be fully blocked by site-selective incorporation electron-withdrawing carbamate moieties restored on demand upon uncaging wide range molecular triggers, including abiotic transition-metal catalysts. also prove this expanded most photosensitizers, diverse structures spectral properties. Finally, show such advanced control generation broadly applied ablation human cells as well regulate release semi-synthesis natural product drugs.

Language: Английский

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Smart molecular designs and applications of activatable organic photosensitizers

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Highly Photoreactive Semiconducting Polymers with Cascade Intramolecular Singlet Oxygen and Energy Transfer for Cancer-Specific Afterglow Theranostics

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Afterglow luminescence provides ultrasensitive optical detection by minimizing tissue autofluorescence and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. However, due to lack of suitable unimolecular afterglow scaffolds, current agents are nanocomposites containing multiple components with limited performance have rarely been applied for cancer theranostics. Herein, we report synthesis a series oxathiine-containing donor-acceptor block semiconducting polymers (PDCDs) observation their high photoreactivity strong near-infrared (NIR) luminescence. We reveal that PDCDs absorb NIR light undergo photodynamic process generate singlet oxygen (1O2), which intramolecularly transfers efficiently reacts oxathiine form intermediates low Gibbs free energy changes required this photoreaction. Following intramolecular transfer from donor acceptor block, emission is produced PDCDs. Owing efficient cascade photochemical process, PDCD-based nanoparticles achieve higher brightness longer compared most reported agents, even after ultrashort photoirradiation only 3 s. Furthermore, within PDCD can be inhibited bioconjugation quencher-linked peptide. This allows construction cancer-activatable theranostic probe (CATP) switches on signal function in presence cancer-overexpressed enzyme. Thereby, CATP represents first phototheranostic permits cancer-specific therapy under preclinical settings. In summary, study molecular guideline develop probes photoreactive polymers.

Language: Английский

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Albumin Modulated Homodimer as an Efficient Photosensitizer for Long‐Term Imaging‐Guided Tumor Therapy Directed with Sunlight Irradiation

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract The reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification caused by inevitable plasma albumin encapsulation is still a challenge to circumvent the systemic adverse effects in photodynamic therapy (PDT) process. Herein, disulfide bond linked homodimer, Cy1280, which modulated accurately balance fluorescence and ROS generation exhibit weak sealed PDT effect during blood circulation, exploited. Cy1280 can be specifically internalized dispersed at tumor site via Organic Anion Transporter Proteins (OATPs) thiol‐disulfide exchange mediated synergistic uptake activated after mild sunlight irradiation (100 ± 5 Klx) sensitize neighboring cellular mitochondria execute direct protein dysfunction effect. dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) facilitates prolonged sustained retention tumors (>336 h) demonstrates efficacy of imaging‐guided solid‐tumor tumor‐bearing BALB/C mice. This study resolves stubborn impotent penetration bulky‐sized nanoparticles high interstitial pressure with manner, long‐term circulation manipulated also improve whole body phototoxic symptom. advantageous feature provides promising candidate for overcoming off‐target phototoxicity inadequate accumulation challenges clinical translation photosensitizers (PSs).

Language: Английский

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NIR-Activated Hollow Upconversion Nanocomposites for Tumor Therapy via GLUT1 Inhibition and Mitochondrial Function Disruption

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Tumor remains a leading contributor to global mortality rates, necessitating urgent advancements in therapeutic interventions. Due the intricate nature of tumor microenvironment, individual differences make it difficult achieve desired efficacy with single strategy. To overcome these challenges, we develop for first time hollow NaBiF4-based nanocomposites NaBiF4-W/R-D therapy by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition and mitochondrial function disruption. can inhibit GLUT1 due presence WZB117, which leads decrease intracellular cells, leaving them starved state. Meanwhile, upconversion luminescence under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation stimulate photosensitizer efficiently generate singlet oxygen disrupt then kill cells. In addition, NIR-II emission from is used fluorescence imaging determine optimal point treatment. Finally, membrane potential depolarization, impaired function, activation caspase-3, ultimately amplification apoptosis.

Language: Английский

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Rabies Virus Targeting NIR-II Phototheranostics

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Rabies is a viral disease with an almost 100% fatality rate, primarily transmitted through bites from infected animals, long incubation period and no effective clinical treatments to date. Herein, we developed the first fluorescent nanotheranostic probe in second near-infrared (NIR) window capable of efficiently crossing blood-brain barrier (BBB), precisely targeting rabies virus (RABV), enabling safe photodynamic therapy (PDT). This based on novel NIR-II organic polyacetylene fluorophore, DK, which self-assembles via click reaction nanoparticle carrier, N3-PEG2000-R, that synthesized high biocompatibility BBB permeability. The surface further modified aptamer specifically binds RABV glycoprotein (RVG), resulting our final probe, DK@RA-PEG. Upon intravenous injection into mice, it effectively crosses BBB, localizes infection site, RVG, allowing for real-time fluorescence imaging. Additionally, converts light energy chemical without generating thermal effects, ensuring PDT. advanced integrates precise targeting, deep-tissue imaging, therapy, making promising candidate future applications treatment.

Language: Английский

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