Genes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 1136 - 1136
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
The
epidermal
differentiation
complex
(EDC)
is
a
cluster
of
genes
that
code
for
protein
components
cornified
cells
on
the
skin
surface
amniotes.
Squamates
are
most
species-rich
clade
reptiles
with
adaptations
to
many
different
environments.
As
genetic
regulation
epidermis
and
its
evolution
has
been
characterized
only
few
species
so
far,
we
aimed
determine
organization
EDC
in
model
squamates,
common
wall
lizard
(Podarcis
muralis).
By
comparative
genomics,
identified
compared
them
homologs
other
We
found
undergone
major
rearrangement
leading
unique
order
three
ancestral
segments.
Several
subfamilies
genes,
such
as
those
encoding
proteins
containing
PCCC
motifs
(EDPCCC)
loricrins,
have
expanded
by
gene
duplications.
Most
EDPCCC
cysteine
contents
higher
than
50%,
whereas
glycine
constitutes
more
50%
amino
acid
residues
loricrin
1.
extremely
biased
compositions
indicate
structural
properties
these
proteins.
This
study
demonstrates
cornification
differ
from
homologous
reptiles,
illustrating
evolutionary
dynamics
diversifying
squamates.
Fish & Shellfish Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
145, P. 109311 - 109311
Published: Dec. 19, 2023
The
immune
system
of
fish
possesses
soluble
factors,
receptors,
pathways
and
cells
very
similar
to
those
the
other
vertebrates'
system.
Throughout
evolutionary
history,
exocrine
secretions
organisms
have
accumulated
a
large
reservoir
factors
that
serve
protect
from
microbial
pathogens
could
disrupt
mucosal
barrier
homeostasis.
In
parallel,
diverse
set
recognition
molecules
been
discovered
alert
organism
presence
pathogens.
known
functions
both
receptors
mentioned
above
encompass
critical
aspects
host
defense,
such
as
pathogen
binding
neutralization,
opsonization,
or
modulation
inflammation
if
present.
cooperate
are
able
initiate
most
appropriate
response
in
an
attempt
eliminate
before
infection
can
begin.
Furthermore,
these
molecules,
working
coordination
with
defence
collaboratively
erect
robust
perfectly
coordinated
complementary
specificity,
activity
tissue
distribution.
This
intricate
network
constitutes
immensely
effective
mechanism
for
fish.
this
context,
present
review
focuses
on
some
main
studied
last
decade
skin
mucosa
teleost
However,
knowledge
is
still
limited
all
teleosts.
Therefore,
further
studies
suggested
throughout
would
help
better
understand
which
proteins
involved.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: May 21, 2024
Abstract
Fossil
feathers
have
transformed
our
understanding
of
integumentary
evolution
in
vertebrates.
The
is
associated
with
novel
skin
ultrastructures,
but
the
fossil
record
these
changes
poor
and
thus
critical
transition
from
scaled
to
feathered
poorly
understood.
Here
we
shed
light
on
this
issue
using
preserved
non-avian
dinosaur
Psittacosaurus
.
Skin
non-feathered,
torso
three-dimensionally
replicated
silica
preserves
epidermal
layers,
corneocytes
melanosomes.
morphology
stratum
corneum
consistent
an
original
composition
rich
corneous
beta
proteins,
rather
than
(alpha-)
keratins
as
birds.
relatively
thin
ventral
compared
extant
quadrupedal
reptiles,
reflecting
a
reduced
demand
for
mechanical
protection
elevated
bipedal
stance.
distribution
melanosomes
melanin-based
colouration
crocodilians.
Collectively,
evidence
supports
partitioning
development
:
reptile-type
condition
non-feathered
regions
avian-like
regions.
Retention
would
ensured
essential
functions
during
early,
experimental
stages
feather
evolution.
Molecular Biology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(6)
Published: May 23, 2024
Transglutaminases
(TGMs)
cross-link
proteins
by
introducing
covalent
bonds
between
glutamine
and
lysine
residues.
These
cross-links
are
essential
for
epithelial
cornification
which
enables
tetrapods
to
live
on
land.
Here,
we
investigated
evolutionary
adaptations
of
vertebrates
were
associated
with
specific
changes
in
the
family
TGM
genes.
We
determined
catalog
TGMs
main
clades
vertebrates,
performed
a
comprehensive
phylogenetic
analysis
TGMs,
localized
distribution
selected
tissues.
Our
data
suggest
that
TGM1
is
phylogenetically
oldest
TGM,
orthologs
being
expressed
cornified
teeth
lamprey,
basal
vertebrate.
Gene
duplications
led
origin
TGM10
stem
TGM2
jawed
an
increasing
number
epithelium-associated
genes
lineage
leading
terrestrial
vertebrates.
TGM9
egg
tooth,
its
amniotes
coincided
evolution
embryonic
development
eggs
surrounded
protective
shell.
Conversely,
viviparous
mammals
have
lost
both
tooth
TGM9.
TGM3
TGM6
evolved
as
regulators
hair
follicles
underwent
pseudogenization
upon
loss
cetaceans.
Taken
together,
this
study
reveals
gain
vertebrate
association
skin
appendages
suggests
important
role
amniotes.
Genes,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 1136 - 1136
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
The
epidermal
differentiation
complex
(EDC)
is
a
cluster
of
genes
that
code
for
protein
components
cornified
cells
on
the
skin
surface
amniotes.
Squamates
are
most
species-rich
clade
reptiles
with
adaptations
to
many
different
environments.
As
genetic
regulation
epidermis
and
its
evolution
has
been
characterized
only
few
species
so
far,
we
aimed
determine
organization
EDC
in
model
squamates,
common
wall
lizard
(Podarcis
muralis).
By
comparative
genomics,
identified
compared
them
homologs
other
We
found
undergone
major
rearrangement
leading
unique
order
three
ancestral
segments.
Several
subfamilies
genes,
such
as
those
encoding
proteins
containing
PCCC
motifs
(EDPCCC)
loricrins,
have
expanded
by
gene
duplications.
Most
EDPCCC
cysteine
contents
higher
than
50%,
whereas
glycine
constitutes
more
50%
amino
acid
residues
loricrin
1.
extremely
biased
compositions
indicate
structural
properties
these
proteins.
This
study
demonstrates
cornification
differ
from
homologous
reptiles,
illustrating
evolutionary
dynamics
diversifying
squamates.
