Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
39(3)
Published: Feb. 23, 2025
ABSTRACT
Radiotherapy
is
a
cornerstone
of
lung
cancer
management,
though
its
efficacy
frequently
undermined
by
intrinsic
and
acquired
radioresistance.
This
review
examines
the
complexity
tumors,
highlighting
their
potential
as
reservoir
novel
targets
for
radiosensitization.
Ionizing
radiation
(IR)
primarily
exerts
effects
through
oxidative
damage
DNA
double‐strand
breaks
(DSBs).
Lung
cells,
however,
develop
mutations
that
enhance
response
(DDR)
suppress
cell
death
pathways.
Additionally,
interactions
between
tumor
cells
microenvironment
(TME)
components—including
immune
stromal
molecular
mediators
such
cytokines,
chemokines,
growth
factors—contribute
to
resistance
against
IR.
Understanding
these
intricate
relationships
reveals
improve
radiotherapy
outcomes.
Promising
include
DDR
pathways,
immunosuppressive
molecules,
hypoxia,
proangiogenic
mediators,
other
key
signaling
discusses
emerging
strategies,
combining
with
immunomodulators,
hypoxia
inhibitors,
DDR‐targeting
agents,
innovative
approaches.
By
offering
comprehensive
analysis
TME,
this
underscores
opportunities
effectiveness
targeted
radiosensitization
strategies.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(12), P. 1104 - 1122
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract:
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
play
a
pivotal
role
in
the
progression
and
re-sistance
of
tumors
to
different
anticancer
drugs.
TAMs
can
modulate
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
favor
immune
system
exhaustion.
The
interactions
with
TME
affect
function
cytotoxic
CD8+
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs)
natural
killer
(NK)
cells.
Furthermore,
induce
cancer
cell
proliferation
by
releasing
some
growth
factors,
such
as
transforming
factor
(TGF)-β.
have
several
positive
cross-talks
other
suppressive
cells
regulatory
(Tregs),
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSCs),
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
cells,
leading
release
prolif-eration
growth.
These
also
invasion
migration
angiogenesis,
metastasis.
inhibition
is
an
intriguing
strategy
for
overcoming
resistance
suppression
Some
natural-derived
agents
melatonin,
curcumin,
resveratrol,
apigenin,
flavonoids
shown
ability
TME,
including
TAMs.
adjuvants
may
be
able
boost
antitumor
immunity
through
modulation
This
review
explains
modulatory
effects
well-known
naturally
derived
on
activity
these
useful
suppressing
invasion.
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
50(5), P. 353 - 368
Published: Feb. 14, 2023
Immune
reactions
are
involved
in
both
tumour
and
normal
tissue
response
to
therapy.
Elevated
secretion
of
certain
chemokines,
exosomes
cytokines
triggers
inflammation,
pain,
fibrosis
ulceration
among
other
side
effects.
On
the
hand,
tumour-promoting
molecules
suppresses
activity
anticancer
immune
cells
facilitates
proliferation
malignant
cells.
Novel
drugs
such
as
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
boost
immunity
via
inducing
natural
killer
(NK)
CD8+
T
lymphocytes.
Certain
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
may
induce
tumour,
however,
have
severe
effects
for
tissues
through
stimulation
several
responses.
Thus,
administration
products
with
low
be
a
promising
approach
modulate
system
organs.
Resveratrol
is
well-known
phenol
diverse
on
tumours.
To
date,
large
number
experiments
confirmed
potential
resveratrol
an
adjuvant.
This
review
focuses
ensuing
or
suppression
responses
after
drugs.
Later
on,
immunoregulatory
following
exposure
agents
will
discussed.
Cancer Cell International,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: May 23, 2023
Oral
cancers
are
among
the
common
head
and
neck
malignancies.
Different
anticancer
therapy
modalities
such
as
chemotherapy,
immunotherapy,
radiation
therapy,
also
targeted
molecular
may
be
prescribed
for
targeting
oral
Traditionally,
it
has
been
assumed
that
malignant
cells
alone
by
chemotherapy
radiotherapy
suppresses
tumor
growth.
In
last
decade,
a
large
number
of
experiments
have
confirmed
pivotal
role
other
secreted
molecules
in
microenvironment
(TME)
on
progression.
Extracellular
matrix
immunosuppressive
tumor-associated
macrophages,
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSCs),
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
regulatory
T
(Tregs)
play
key
roles
progression
tumors
like
resistance
to
therapy.
On
hand,
infiltrated
CD4
+
CD8
lymphocytes,
natural
killer
(NK)
anti-tumor
suppress
proliferation
cells.
Modulation
extracellular
cells,
stimulation
immunity
suggested
treat
malignancies
more
effectively.
Furthermore,
administration
some
adjuvants
or
combination
this
review,
we
discuss
various
interactions
between
cancer
TME.
review
basic
mechanisms
within
TME
cause
Potential
targets
approaches
overcoming
will
reviewed.
The
findings
potential
therapeutic
clinical
studies
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. 100339 - 100339
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Breast
cancer
(BC)
has
transcended
lung
as
the
most
common
in
world.
Due
to
disease's
aggressiveness,
rapid
growth,
and
heterogeneity,
it
is
crucial
investigate
different
therapeutic
approaches
for
treatment.
According
World
Health
Organization
(WHO),
Plant-based
therapeutics
continue
be
utilized
safe/non-toxic
complementary
or
alternative
treatments
cancer,
even
developed
countries,
regardless
of
how
cutting-edge
conventional
therapies
are.
Despite
their
low
bioavailability,
curcumin
(CUR)
green
tea
(GT)
represent
safer
options.
potent
molecular-modulating
properties
on
various
cancer-related
molecules
signaling
pathways,
they
are
considered
gold-standard
agents
have
been
incorporated
into
development
one
more
strategies
BC
We
investigated
modulatory
role
CUR
GT
extracts
significant
multi
molecular
targets
MCF-7
cell
line
assess
potential
multi-targeting
agents.
analyzed
phytocompounds
leaves
using
High-performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
Gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry
(GC-MS)
techniques.
The
mRNA
expression
levels
Raf-1,
Telomerase,
Tumor
necrosis
factor
alpha
(TNF-α)
Interleukin-8
(IL-8)
genes
cells
were
quantified
quantitative
real-time
PCR
(qRT-PCR).
cytotoxicity
was
assessed
by
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide
(MTT)
assay
released
Lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH),
a
valuable
marker
identifying
programmed
(necroptosis).
Additionally,
concentrations
necroptosis-related
proinflammatory
cytokines
(TNF-α
IL-8)
measured
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
(ELISA).
In
contrast
GT,
results
showed
anticancer
cytotoxic
against
cells,
with
relatively
higher
level
LDH.
extract
downregulated
oncogenic
suppressed
Telomerase
upregulated
TNF-α
IL-8
genes.
Results
from
ELISA
notable
increase
after
treatment,
which
culminated
72
h.
Among
both
extracts,
only
effectively
modulated
understudy
targets,
achieving
activity
cells.
Moreover,
applied
dosage
significantly
increased
cytokines,
component
cytokines-targeting-based
strategy.
However,
further
investigations
recommended
validate
this
approach.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(11), P. e32566 - e32566
Published: June 1, 2024
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
a
notable
surge
in
the
development
of
engineered
bone
scaffolds
intended
for
repair
defects.
While
autografts
and
allografts
have
traditionally
served
as
primary
methods
tissue
engineering,
their
inherent
limitations
spurred
exploration
novel
avenues
biomedical
implant
development.
The
emergence
not
only
facilitates
reconstruction
but
also
offers
platform
targeted
delivery
therapeutic
agents.
There
exists
pervasive
interest
leveraging
various
drugs,
proteins,
growth
factors,
biomolecules
with
osteogenic
properties
to
augment
formation,
enduring
side
effects
associated
current
clinical
modalities
necessitate
pursuit
safer
alternatives.
Curcumin,
principal
bioactive
compound
found
turmeric,
demonstrated
efficacy
regulating
proliferation
differentiation
cells
while
promoting
formation.
Nevertheless,
its
utility
is
hindered
by
restricted
water
solubility
poor
bioavailability.
Strategies
aimed
at
enhancing
solubility,
stability,
bioavailability
curcumin,
including
formulation
techniques
such
liposomes
nanoparticles
or
complexation
metals,
explored.
This
investigation
dedicated
exploring
impact
curcumin
on
proliferation,
differentiation,
migration
osteocytes,
osteoblasts,
osteoclasts.
