Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and therapeutic strategy

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 11149 - 11165

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was originally thought to be cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in understanding complexity of TME its impact on responses various anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. immunotherapy can recognize kill cancer cells by regulating body's immune system. It has achieved good therapeutic effects solid tumors hematological malignancies. Recently, blocking programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), ligand‐1 (PD‐L1), death Ligand‐2 (PD‐L2), construction antigen chimeric T (CAR‐T) vaccines become popular immunotherapies Tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis are closely related TME. Therefore, we review characteristics molecules TME, interaction between PD‐1 promising therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in clinical delivery of immunomodulatory compounds. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising macrophages, fibroblasts, immune cells, plays a crucial role response modulation. Nanoparticles, engineered to reshape TME, shown promising results enhancing by facilitating targeted These nanoparticles can suppress fibroblast activation, promote M1 macrophage polarization, aid dendritic cell maturation, encourage T infiltration. Biomimetic further enhance increasing internalization agents cells such as cells. Moreover, exosomes, whether naturally secreted body or bioengineered, been explored regulate TME immune-related affect cancer immunotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, activated pH, redox, light conditions, exhibit potential accelerate co-application with checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging strategy boost anti-tumor immunity. With their ability induce long-term immunity, nanoarchitectures are structures development. This review underscores critical overcoming current driving advancement modification.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive overview on antibody-drug conjugates: from the conceptualization to cancer therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of potent anti-cancer compounds that are widely used in the treatment hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Unlike conventional chemotherapeutic drug-based therapies, mainly associated with modest specificity therapeutic benefit, three key components form ADC (a monoclonal antibody bound to a cytotoxic drug via chemical linker moiety) achieve remarkable improvement terms targeted killing cancer cells and, while sparing healthy tissues, reduction systemic side effects caused by off-tumor toxicity. Based on their beneficial mechanism action, 15 ADCs have been approved date market approval Food Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and/or other international governmental agencies for use clinical oncology, hundreds undergoing evaluation preclinical phases. Here, our aim is provide comprehensive overview features revolving around strategy including structural targeting properties, role tumor microenvironment review providing discussion regarding toxicity profile, manifestations novel combination therapies. Finally, we briefly pathological contexts information manufacturing analytical characterization.

Language: Английский

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The tumor microenvironment: a key player in multidrug resistance in cancer

ONCOLOGIE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 41 - 58

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy, remains most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) cells to various a challenge. Scientists always focused on acquired mechanisms tumor themselves. However, evidence shows that microenvironment (TME) plays critical role regulating cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, resistance. In TME, interactions between non-malignant often modify TME facilitate Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism essential for development effective treatments. This review focuses promoting chemoresistance through following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting clearance facilitating escape responses; (ii) stimulating release soluble paracrine factors enhance survival growth; (iii) altering delivery metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing absorption by inducing changes stomatal blood vessels surrounding tumor; (v) stem phenotype. also addresses clinical treatment strategy targeting providing insights basis reversing

Language: Английский

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Tumor microenvironment targeted nano-drug delivery systems for multidrug resistant tumor therapy

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1689 - 1714

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems (Nano-DDS) that target the tumor microenvironment (TME) to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) have become a research hotspot in field of cancer therapy. By precisely targeting TME and regulating its unique pathological features, such as hypoxia, weakly acidic pH, abnormally expressed proteins, etc., these Nano-DDS enable effective therapeutic agents reversal MDR. This scientific community is increasing investment development diversified exploring their anti-drug potential. Therefore, it particularly important conduct comprehensive review progress TME-targeted years. After brief introduction MDR, design principle structure liposomes, polymer micelles inorganic nanocarriers are focused on, characteristics described. It also demonstrates how break through MDR treatment various mechanisms, discusses synthetic innovation, results overcoming mechanisms. The was concluded with deliberations on key challenges future outlooks

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Their Role in Cancer Resistance and Emerging Therapies to Overcome It

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 94 - 94

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Normal tissues typically maintain partial oxygen pressure within a range of 3–10% oxygen, ensuring homeostasis through well-regulated supply and responsive vascular network. However, in solid tumors, rapid growth often outpaces angiogenesis, creating hypoxic microenvironment that fosters tumor progression, altered metabolism resistance to therapy. Hypoxic regions experience uneven distribution with severe hypoxia the core due poor vascularization high metabolic consumption. Cancer cells adapt these conditions shifts, predominantly relying on glycolysis, by upregulating antioxidant defenses mitigate reactive species (ROS)-induced oxidative damage. Hypoxia-induced ROS, resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction enzyme activation, exacerbates genomic instability, aggressiveness, therapy resistance. Overcoming hypoxia-induced ROS cancer requires multifaceted approach targets various aspects biology. Emerging therapeutic strategies target resistance, focusing hypoxia-inducible factors, levels, subpopulations. Combining innovative therapies existing treatments holds promise for improving outcomes overcoming mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer: Current and Future Therapeutic Approaches and Related Technologies Addressing Multidrug Against Multiple Level Resistance Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1313 - 1313

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and associated with a poor prognosis. The mutation profile related involved pathways of CRC have been, in broad terms, analyzed. main current therapeutic approaches been comprehensively reviewed here, future possible therapeu-tic options technologies perspectively presented. complex scenario represented by multiple-level resistance mechanism epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including mutations KRAS, NRAS, BRAF V600E, discussed. Examples engineered from literature along drug combination tested clinical trials are encouraging results observed latter (the BEACON trial), totally free chemotherapy, prompted authors to imagine nanotechnology-assisted approach for bypassing mechanisms, hopefully allowing, principle, complete biological remission.

Language: Английский

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Strategy of targeting the tumor microenvironment via inhibition of fibroblast/fibrosis remodeling new era to cancer chemo-immunotherapy resistance

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 175991 - 175991

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Emergence and impact of theranostic‐nanoformulation of triple therapeutics for combination cancer therapy

Smart Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Cancer remains a major global health threat necessitating the multipronged approaches for its prevention and management. Traditional in form of chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy are often encountered with poor patient outcomes evidenced by high mortality morbidity, compelling need precision medicine cancer patients to enable personalized targeted treatment. There has been an emergence smart multimodal theranostic nanoformulation triple combination therapy last few years, which dramatically enhances overall safety vivo potential clinical applications minimal toxicity. However, it is imperative gain insight into limitations this system terms translation, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, multidisciplinary collaboration. This review paper aims highlight compare impact recent nanoformulations therapeutics single nanocarrier effective management provide new dimension diagnostic treatment simultaneously.

Language: Английский

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The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response

Journal of Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 30

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment response. It comprises complex network of stromal cells, immune extracellular matrix, blood vessels, all which interact with cells influence behaviour. This review article provides an in-depth examination the TME, focusing on signaling molecules, ECM, along commonly available therapeutic compounds that target these components. Moreover, we explore TME as novel strategy for discovering new anti-tumor drugs. dynamic adaptive nature offers opportunities targeting specific cellular interactions pathways. We discuss emerging approaches, such combination therapies simultaneously modulate TME. Finally, address challenges future prospects Overcoming drug resistance, improving delivery, identifying targets within are among discussed. also highlight potential personalized medicine integration technologies, immunotherapy nanotechnology, TME-targeted therapies. comprehensive insights into its implications. Understanding TME's complexity components offer promising avenues development improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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