A Comprehensive Review on MAPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1618 - 1618

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are found various diseases, including cancer, as a result genetic and epigenetic changes. Numerous studies focused on both homeostatic pathologic conduct MAPK signaling; however, there still much be deciphered terms regulation action models preclinical clinical research. has implications response cancer therapy, particularly activation compensatory pathways experimental inhibition. present paper discusses new insights into complex cell with roles sustenance cellular normal conduit, pathways. Unfortunately, most inhibitors trigger resistance due feed-back loops tumor cells microenvironment components. Therefore, novel combinatorial therapies have implemented for management order restrict possibility alternative activation, perspective developing based integration translational studies.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101036 - 101036

Published: Feb. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Signaling pathways in cancer-associated fibroblasts and targeted therapy for cancer

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 10, 2021

Abstract To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence progression because of versatile roles extracellular matrix remodeling, maintenance stemness, blood vessel formation, modulation metabolism, immune response, promotion cell proliferation, migration, invasion, therapeutic resistance. CAFs highly heterogeneous stromal cells crosstalk with is mediated by a complex intricate signaling network consisting transforming growth factor-beta, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription, epidermal factor receptor, Hippo, nuclear kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells, etc., pathways. These signals exhibit own special characteristics during the have potential to be targeted anticancer therapy. Therefore, comprehensive understanding these cascades interactions between necessary fully realize pivotal cancers. Herein, this review, we will summarize enormous amounts findings mediating its related targets or trials. Further, hypothesize three targeting strategies, including, namely, epithelial–mesenchymal common targets, sequential perturbation, crosstalk-directed paving way CAF-directed host cell-directed antitumor

Language: Английский

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Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2017

Apigenin is a common dietary flavonoid that abundantly present in many fruits, vegetables and Chinese medicinal herbs serves multiple physiological functions, such as strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial antiviral activities blood pressure reduction. Therefore, apigenin has been used traditional medicine for centuries. Recently, widely investigated its anti-cancer low toxicity. was reported to suppress various human cancers vitro vivo by biological effects, triggering cell apoptosis autophagy, inducing cycle arrest, suppressing migration invasion, stimulating an immune response. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances effects of their underlying mechanisms, summarize signaling pathways modulated apigenin, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB Wnt/β-catenin pathways. We also discuss combinatorial strategies enhance effect use adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent overcome cancer drug resistance or alleviate other adverse chemotherapy. The functions against stem cells are summarized discussed. These data demonstrate promising reagent therapy. appears have potential be developed either supplement

Language: Английский

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Molecular testing for BRAF mutations to inform melanoma treatment decisions: a move toward precision medicine

Modern Pathology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 24 - 38

Published: Nov. 17, 2017

Approximately one-half of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanomas harbor a mutation in the BRAF gene, with V600E being most common mutation. Targeted therapy and MEK inhibitors is associated significant long-term treatment benefit patients V600-mutated melanoma. Therefore, molecular testing for mutations priority determining course therapy. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed scientific congress databases terms 'BRAF,' 'mutation,' 'cancer/tumor.' These results were filtered to include manuscripts that focused on diagnostic tests status. Numerous methods identified, including DNA-based companion DNA- protein-based laboratory-developed tests. Herein we review characteristics each method highlight strengths weaknesses should be considered before use when interpreting patient. Molecular profiling has shown load increases melanoma tumor progression unique patterns genetic changes evolutionary trajectories different subtypes can occur. Discordance mutational status between primary metastatic lesions, as well intratumoral heterogeneity, known Additionally, development acquired resistance combination inhibitor still formidable obstacle. heterogeneity have important implications ultimately advanced-stage Overall, this information may help community oncologists more accurately effectively interpret within context recent data characterizing progression.

Language: Английский

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Targeting autophagy to sensitive glioma to temozolomide treatment

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2016

Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is widely used for treating primary and recurrent high-grade gliomas. However, the efficacy of TMZ often limited by development resistance. Recently, studies have found that treatment could induce autophagy, which contributes to therapy resistance in glioma. To enhance benefit glioblastomas, effective combination strategies are needed sensitize glioblastoma cells TMZ. In this regard, as autophagy promote cell survival or autophagic death, modulating using a pharmacological inhibitor, such chloroquine, inducer, rapamycin, has received considerably more attention. understand effectiveness regulating treatment, review summarizes reports on treatments with modulators from vitro vivo studies, well clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss possibility regulatory compounds can sensitive chemotherapy glioma treatment.

Language: Английский

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Fucoidan Structure and Activity in Relation to Anti-Cancer Mechanisms

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 32 - 32

Published: Jan. 7, 2019

Fucoidan is a natural derived compound found in different species of brown algae and some animals, that has gained attention for its anticancer properties. However, the exact mechanism action currently unknown. Therefore, this review will address fucoidans structure, bioavailability, all known pathways affected by fucoidan, order to formulate structure activity relation anti-cancer mechanisms. The general bioactivity fucoidan difficult establish due factors like species-related structural diversity, growth conditions, extraction method. main influenced are PI3K/AKT, MAPK pathway, caspase pathway. PTEN seems be important fucoidan-mediated effect on AKT Furthermore, interaction with VEGF, BMP, TGF-β, estrogen receptors discussed. Also, as an adjunct have beneficial effects, both enhanced effectiveness chemotherapy reduced toxicity healthy cells. In conclusion, multipotent character promising future treatment. there need more specified studies structure–activity relationship from most seaweed species.

Language: Английский

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The genetic basis of disease

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 62(5), P. 643 - 723

Published: Dec. 3, 2018

Genetics plays a role, to greater or lesser extent, in all diseases. Variations our DNA and differences how that functions (alone combinations), alongside the environment (which encompasses lifestyle), contribute disease processes. This review explores genetic basis of human disease, including single gene disorders, chromosomal imbalances, epigenetics, cancer complex considers understanding technological advances can be applied provision appropriate diagnosis, management therapy for patients.

Language: Английский

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ERK: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. ERK-Dependent Apoptosis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 2509 - 2509

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

The RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes as exemplified by cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Activation of ERK1/2 generally promotes its deregulated activity is a hallmark many cancers. Therefore, components regulators the ERK are considered potential therapeutic targets for cancer, inhibitors this pathway, including some MEK BRAF inhibitors, already being used in clinic. Notably, kinases also have pro-apoptotic functions under certain conditions enhanced can cause tumor death. Although repertoire compounds which mediate activation apoptosis expanding, various anti-cancer induce while exerting their anti-proliferative effects, mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated death still vague. Recent studies highlight importance dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) determining pro- versus anti-apoptotic function cancer. In review, we will summarize recent major findings understanding role apoptosis, focusing on mediating ERK-dependent apoptosis. Studies that further define molecular these relevant to be essential harnessing developing effective cancer treatments.

Language: Английский

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Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 1455 - 1455

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer broad term that describes involvement external agents to slow down or suppress growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful chemoprevention. The occurrence global type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. often preventable developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it painful death sentence developing low-income due lack modern therapies awareness. One best practice identify control measures study origin risk associated common types. Based these health status patients, stage, severity cancer, decided. Even though there well-established therapies, still stands one major causes public burden globally. Research shows most cancers can be prevented, treated, incidence delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported reduce different types through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights role bioactive products chemoprevention cancer. There plant based dietary involved process. discusses process carcinogenesis using phytocompounds, special reference five phytocompounds. article also summarizes important mechanisms signaling molecules Since antioxidants inevitable, insight into plant-based antioxidant fight against this dreadful disease at stages progression discussed. will fill research gap search encourage scientists clinical trials anticancer plants.

Language: Английский

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