Insight into the Potential Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption by Dietary Phytoestrogens in the Context of the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 12195 - 12195

Published: July 30, 2023

Phytoestrogens (PEs) are estrogen-like nonsteroidal compounds derived from plants (e.g., nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) fungi that structurally similar to 17β-estradiol. PEs bind all types of estrogen receptors, including ERα ERβ nuclear a membrane-bound receptor known as the G protein-coupled (GPER). As endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with pro- or antiestrogenic properties, can potentially disrupt hormonal regulation homeostasis, resulting in developmental reproductive abnormalities. However, lack diet does not result development deficiency symptoms. To properly assess benefits risks associated use PE-rich diet, it is necessary distinguish between endocrine disruption (endocrine-mediated adverse effects) nonspecific effects on system. Endometriosis an estrogen-dependent disease unknown etiopathogenesis, which tissue lining uterus (the endometrium) grows outside subsequent complications being manifested local inflammatory reactions. affects 10–15% women age chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility. In this review, endocrine-disruptive actions reviewed context endometriosis determine whether has positive negative effect risk course endometriosis.

Language: Английский

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Bones and guts – Why the microbiome matters

Journal of bone oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 100523 - 100523

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

The importance of the gut microbiota in human health has become increasingly apparent recent years, especially when relationship between and host is no longer symbiotic. It long been appreciated that dysbiosis can be detrimental to associated with numerous disease states. Only within last decade, however, was implicated bone biology. Dubbed osteomicrobiology, this emerging field aims understand microbiome microenvironment both disease. Importantly, key one major clinical challenges facing cancer biologists: metastasis, may lie osteomicrobiology; however link bacteria metastasis only beginning explored. This review will discuss (i) osteomicrobiology as an field, (ii) current understanding context bone.

Language: Английский

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The estrobolome: Estrogen‐metabolizing pathways of the gut microbiome and their relation to breast cancer

International Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Increasing evidence links the gut microbiome to carcinogenesis. Disruptions in estrogen regulation by estrobolome-gut microbiota with estrogen-related functions-may promote breast cancer. However, precise information on estrobolome targets and their underlying mechanisms is limited. This review identifies relevant for measuring estrobolome, focusing enzymes microbial taxa involved processing estrogens, precursors, metabolites, phytoestrogens, facilitate exploration of potential Evidence from cancer case-control studies synthesized assess alignment these targets, highlight gaps evidence, suggest new paths forward. Findings were heterogeneous showed limited only Escherichia coli Roseburia inulinivorans identified as differentially abundant functionally between cases controls. The lack compelling estrobolome-specific may reflect measurement challenges or that broader ecological changes microbiome, which influence a network interacting mechanisms, are more influential To clarify estrobolome's role cancer, future research should use advanced sequencing techniques methods such metabolomics transcriptomics, while considering clinical behavioral factors modify mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome influences incidence and outcomes of breast cancer by regulating levels and activity of steroid hormones in women

Cancer Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(11)

Published: June 13, 2023

Abstract Background Breast cancer, the leading cancer type in women worldwide, is affected by reproductive and nonreproductive factors. Estrogen progesterone influence incidence progression of breast cancer. The microbiome gut, a complex organ that plays vital role digestion homeostasis, enhances availability estrogen host. Thus, an altered gut may hormone‐induced incidence. This review describes current understanding roles influencing with emphasis on microbiome‐induced metabolism progesterone. Recent Findings Microbiome has been recognized as promising hallmark Next‐generation sequencing technologies have aided rapid identification components are capable metabolizing Moreover, studies indicated wider chemotherapeutic hormonal therapy agents reducing their efficacy patients predominant effect postmenopausal women. Conclusion variations its composition significantly alter outcomes healthy diverse required for better response to anticancer therapies. Finally, emphasizes requirement elucidate mechanisms aid improving composition, hence, survival

Language: Английский

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The Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors in Head and Neck Tumors

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1575 - 1575

Published: April 19, 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common histological form of head tumors (HNTs), which originate from epithelium lips oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, nasal sinuses. The main risk factors include consumption tobacco in all forms alcohol, as well infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses or Epstein–Barr virus. Regardless etiological agent, developing different types HNTs two to more than six times higher males females. reason for such disparities probably lies a combination both biological psychosocial factors. Therefore, it hypothesized that exposure female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, provides women protection against formation metastasis HNTs. In this review, we synthesized available knowledge on role estrogen receptors (ERs) development progression HNTs, special emphasis membrane ERs, are much less studied. We can summarize addition epidemiologic studies unequivocally pointing protective effect women, an increased expression nuclear ERα, ERβ, ERα36, GPER1, NaV1.2, was present HNSCC, anti-estrogens could be used effective therapeutic approach.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating the Intricate Roles of Gut and Breast Microbiomes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone

Cancer Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Breast cancer is the most predominant and heterogeneous in women. Moreover, breast has a high prevalence to metastasize distant organs, such as brain, lungs, bones. Patients with metastasis bones have poor overall relapse‐free survival. treatment using chemotherapy immunotherapy ineffective preventing or reducing metastasis. Recent Findings Microorganisms residing gut breast, termed resident microbiome, significant influence on formation progression of cancer. studies identified some microorganisms that induce bone. These organisms utilize multiple mechanisms, including induction epithelial–mesenchymal transition, steroid hormone metabolism, immune modification, bone remodeling, secretion microbial products alter tumor microenvironment, enhance propensity cells metastasize. However, their involvement makes these suitable novel therapeutic targets. Thus, are underway prevent reduce bone, chemotherapeutic immunotherapeutic drugs, along probiotics, antibiotics fecal microbiota transplantation. Conclusions The present review describes association microbiomes metastases. We elaborated mechanisms utilized by metastasis, especially also highlights current options may target both for Finally, we specified necessity maintaining diverse microbiome dysbiosis, which otherwise carcinogenesis facilitate more detailed investigations causal associations between potential described promote discussions research modes improve survival patients targeting microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer Development and Its Implications in Treatment

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 683 - 683

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Background: The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Emerging evidence indicates the affects response to anticancer therapies by modulating host immune system. Recent studies have explained a high correlation between breast cancer: dysbiosis cancer may regulate systemic inflammatory response, hormone metabolism, tumor microenvironment. Some bacteria are related estrogen which increase or decrease risk changing number hormones. Further, has been seen modulate respect its ability protect against treat cancers, focus on receptor-positive Probiotics other claiming control microbiome bacterial means might be useful prevention, even treatment, Conclusions: present review underlines various aspects clinical application, warranting individualized microbiome-modulated therapeutic approaches treatment.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the impacts of gut and tissue microbiome on human cancers

Cancer Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Cancer, a multifactorial culmination, is one of the leading causes death in men and women globally. Exposure to or more cancer-causing agents, such as smoking, alcohol, alkylating radiations, secondary risk factors, obesity certain infections, work together promote cancer development. Our current mechanistic understanding development suggests that environmental including atypical microbiota, influence susceptibility, particularly individuals who are genetically predisposed Approximately 15%–20% human cancers causally linked with microbial pathogens. Recent findings from taxonomic metabolomics analyses gut microbiota communities residing within tumors have enhanced our microbiome-dependent regulation carcinogenesis. The potential modulate efficacy toxicity anticancer drugs further expands significance prevention therapy, warranting in-depth discussion. “Cancer Microbiome” special issue encompasses original research review articles provide insights into recent role cancer, promises microbiome-based therapies for treatment. This also emphasizes products host metabolism circulation metabolites may incidence progression. complex ecosystem trillions bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi reside digestive tract. These microbes been known help metabolize food materials pharmaceutical drugs. Moreover, balanced functional community trains fine-tunes immunological cellular responses kill invading pathogens initiate cancer-fighting immune response. Therefore, disruption this intricate relationship has implicated variety neoplasms. Unsurprisingly, arising gastrointestinal tract thought close association gut. Beneficial modulation through intake dietary fibers—nondigestible carbohydrates—has gained enormous attention. A group led by Dr. Bhisham Narayan Singh Ashwini Kumar reviewed benefits prebiotics—fermentable fibers stimulate growth beneficial bacteria gut—for overall health tract.1 authors elaborated on interactions between prebiotics, how these improve functions system. They described effects individual combined prebiotics cancers, wherein components inulin health. In contrast, Vishal observed refined fiber inulin, commonly present processed foods, abnormal accumulation succinate gut, which leads colon inflammation tumorigenesis mouse model.2 previously shown inclusion inulin-enriched high-fat diet promotes hepatocellular carcinoma mice. Here, discuss selectively enrich particular bacterial groups enhance colonic inflammation. Thus, studies highlight necessity thoroughly evaluate claimed health-promoting effects. Further, Indranil Chattopadhyay landscape associated gastric cancer.3 roles virulence factors secreted several Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, so on, addition Helicobacter pylori, lead cancer. they explained possibility using future biomarkers diagnosis prognosis Breast most heterogeneous amongst frequently diagnosed worldwide. change lifestyle, along genetic physiological predisposition, increased propensity breast mortality disease. Interestingly, despite being distant seemingly unrelated breast, alterations composition profound breasts women, progression article Sneha Joshi Rupa Mishra explains differences tissue occurrence subtypes.4 emphasized responses. highlighted artificial intelligence machine learning dysbiosis biomarker. Mukul S. Godbole importance microbiome levels circulating estrogen progesterone cancer.5 While previous progesterone, provides thorough investigation confer effect humans via metabolic activities microbiome. Their describes interindividual response conferred microbiome, highlighting diverse complete chemo-, immune-, hormonal-therapy. Efficient form basis counteracting pathogenic invasions. especially helps maintain an intact immunity. However, chronic diversity immensely impact responses, thus diseased conditions. Asmita Das phenomenon emphasis immune-related receptors, toll-like receptors NOD-like receptors.6 An alteration correlated incidence. propose it imperative ensure healthy, prevent infections. Tobacco papillomavirus (HPV) infection were considered among primary head neck region. investigations elucidated strong oral cancers. compositions minimal, can alter key carcinogenic substances cause infections regions formation articulated Sanket Desai genomic epigenomic induced comprising fungi, various HPV, Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis B C viruses.7 changes include somatic copy number changes, expression deletions, global hypomethylation. Previously, Fusobacterium HPV-negative largely grouped HPV-positive groups, efforts like should enable rectify binary groupism elaborate distribution All published limitations Articles express need develop strategies counterbalance dysbiotic conditions cells, causal remains be established majority microorganisms, warrant focused elucidating We sincerely hope will advance microbiome's involvement therapeutics, well increase awareness clinicians, researchers, general public. interaction treatment clinical outcomes future. Godbole: Writing–original draft, writing–review editing; Singh: editing. acknowledges support emoluments Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University. Both read approved final version manuscript. stated explicitly there no conflicts interest connection article. Not applicable. Data sharing not applicable datasets generated analyzed during study.

Language: Английский

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Navigating the microbial community in the trachea-oropharynx of breast cancer patients with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) via endotracheal tube: has NAC caused any change?

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e16366 - e16366

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

We compare the diversity and niche specificity of microbiome in trachea-oropharynx malignant breast neoplasm with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) via NGS analysis.We prospectively collected a total 40 endotracheal tubes intubated from subjects, whom 20 NAC treated cancer (NAC group) (Non-NAC group). generated 16S rRNA-based microbial profiles IlluminaTM platform alpha indices were compared between groups. For comparison taxa abundance, linear discriminant analysis effect size method Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The distribution variables two groups using Mann-Whitney test. beta analysis, PERMANOVA used.Among indices, group showed significantly lower Chao1, Inverse Simpson, Shannon than Non-NAC group. three most frequent all Streptococcus (20.4%), followed by Veillonella (11.9%), Prevorella (10.4%). This order same non-NAC groups.Here, we provide first data respiratory tract patients analysis. study ultimately seeks to contribute future studies on cytotoxic establishing reliable control data.

Language: Английский

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HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND BREAST CANCER: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e515401 - e515401

Published: June 12, 2024

Objetivo-. Este estudo buscou avaliar o papel da microbiota intestinal humana no desenvolvimento do câncer de mama, explorando sua capacidade modular a inflamação, imunidade e metabolismo nessas pacientes. Métodos – Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa literatura, partir das bases dados BVS, SciELO, Google Acadêmico PubMed. Foram selecionados artigos com prioridades dos últimos 10 anos aqueles que tiveram teóricos relevantes sobre tema. Resultados- A literatura revelou desempenha um significativo na saúde doença, podendo influenciar prognostico mama. E mostrou os probióticos emergem como potenciais aliados proteção contra devido à exercer efeitos imunomoduladores sistêmicos. Estudos sugerem suplementação pode melhorar qualidade vida alguns parâmetros nutricionais em pacientes No entanto, é necessário maior entendimento mecanismo subjacente ensaios clínicos robustos para validar esses traduzi-los benefícios tangíveis. Conclusão- Nos estudos realizados constatou-se ajudam minimizar diversas manifestações clínicas microbioma

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