Vago-splenic signal transduction of cardioprotection in humans

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(34), P. 3164 - 3177

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims The spleen serves as an important relay organ that releases cardioprotective factor(s) upon vagal activation during remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) in rats pigs. translation of these findings to humans was attempted. Methods Remote or electrical auricular tragus stimulation (ATS) were performed 10 healthy young volunteers, volunteers with splenectomy, 20 matched controls. Venous blood samples taken before after RIC/ATS placebo, a plasma dialysate infused into isolated perfused rat hearts subjected global ischaemia/reperfusion. Results Neither left nor right RIC ATS altered heart rate variability the study cohorts. With prepared ATS, respectively, infarct size (% ventricular mass) recipient 36 ± 6% (left RIC), 34 3% (right RIC) 31 5% ATS), 35 decreased from 4% 23 19 26 9% ATS); still reduced 4 days 9 RIC. In subgroup six such reduction abrogated by intravenous atropine. Infarct also but not their Conclusions humans, innervation are decisive for signal transduction ATS.

Language: Английский

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Interoceptive signals from the heart and coronary circulation in health and disease

Autonomic Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 103180 - 103180

Published: April 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Electrical excitability of cancer cells—CELEX model updated

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 1579 - 1591

Published: July 8, 2024

Abstract The normal functioning of every cell in the body depends on its bioelectric properties and many diseases are caused by genetic and/or epigenetic dysregulation underlying ion channels. Metastasis, main cause death from cancer, is a complex multi-stage process which cells break away primary tumour, invade surrounding tissues, enter circulation encountering blood vessel spread around body, ultimately lodging distant organs reproliferating to form secondary tumours leading devastating organ failure. Such cellular behaviours well known involve CELEX model offers novel insight metastasis where it electrical excitation cancer that responsible for their aggressive invasive behaviour. In turn, hyperexcitability underpinned concomitant upregulation functional voltage-gated sodium channels downregulation potassium Here, we update vitro vivo evidence favour carcinomas. results unequivocal channel. channel arm also broadly supported existing although these data complicated impact membrane potential consequent effects. Finally, consistent with model, show (i) carcinomas indeed electrically excitable capable generating action potentials (ii) combination inhibitor opener can produce strong, additive anti-invasive effect. We discuss possible clinical implications managing cancer.

Language: Английский

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Firing properties of single axons with cardiac rhythmicity in the human cervical vagus nerve

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Abstract Microneurographic recordings of the human cervical vagus nerve have revealed presence multi‐unit neural activity with measurable cardiac rhythmicity. This suggests that physiology vagal neurones cardiovascular regulatory function can be studied using this method. Here, rhythmic single units was discriminated from template‐based waveform matching. The 44 (22 myelinated axons and 22 unmyelinated axons) isolated. By consideration each unit's firing pattern respect to respiratory cycles, functional identification unit attempted. Of note is observation seven whose recruited or enhanced by slow, deep breathing, maximal during nadir sinus arrhythmia, showed an expiratory peak. characteristic cardioinhibitory efferent neurones, which are responsible for arrhythmia. remaining 15 were categorised as cardiopulmonary receptors arterial baroreceptors based on position their peak in R‐wave cycle. latter method not viable due slow unknown conduction velocities. With exception three modulation implicates them cardiac‐projecting population likely dominated baroreceptors. In conclusion, has been within vagus, enabling systematic study. image Key points Recordings electrical recently made at level neck humans. Examination gross reveals subpopulations fluctuates time heart's beat, suggesting monitor modify individual isolated spike sorting. relationship between cycles used a means classifying neurone. Neuronal patterns consistent function, including heart‐slowing ‘cardioinhibitory’ well inform brain status observed. approach enables, first time, study these humans both health disease.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), vagal tone and biobehavioral integration: Beyond parasympathetic function

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 108739 - 108739

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Linchpin to the entire area of psychophysiological research and discussion vagus is respiratory cardiovascular phenomenon known as sinus arrhythmia (RSA; often synonymous with high-frequency heart-rate variability when it specifically linked frequency), i.e. rhythmic fluctuations in heart rate synchronized inspiration expiration. This article aims 1) clarify concepts, terms measures commonly employed during last half century scientific literature, which relate vagal function psychological processes general aspects health; 2) expand upon an earlier theoretical model, emphasizing importance RSA well beyond current focus parasympathetic mechanisms. A close examination its relations may dispel certain held beliefs about associations between functioning, nervous system (for nerve plays a major role), offer fresh perspectives likely functions adaptive significance RSA, RSA's relationship control. neither invariably reliable index cardiac tone nor central outflow heart. The model here presented posits that represents evolutionarily entrenched, significantly contributes meeting continuously changing metabolic, energy behavioral demands.

Language: Английский

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Gut Metabolites Acting on the Gut-Brain Axis: Regulating the Functional State of Microglia

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 480 - 480

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

The gut-brain axis is a communication channel that mediates complex interplay of intestinal flora with the neural, endocrine, and immune systems, linking gut brain functions. Gut metabolites, group small molecules produced or consumed by biochemical processes in gut, are involved central nervous system regulation via highly interconnected affecting microglia indirectly influencing structure directly function activity. Accordingly, pathological changes connected metabolite levels as well altered activity, which may contribute to process each neuroinflammatory condition. Here, we discuss mechanisms for instance, bile acids, short-chain fatty tryptophan regulate component axis, explore important roles metabolites from perspective microglia. At same time, highlight pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding relationship between microglia, microbiota, neuroinflammation, disorders will help us identify new strategies treating neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Nervous system in colorectal cancer

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 217431 - 217431

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a novel noninvasive adjunct therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), yet no quantitative analysis had been conducted to assess its therapeutic effect. This review aimed investigate the efficacy of tVNS on motor function, other potential clinical targets and safety in various treatment conditions. We searched six databases randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved treating PD patients with tVNS. Primary outcome was functions, including severity signs, functional mobility balance, gait parameters. Secondary outcomes were cognition, emotion, sleep related impairments, patient reported non-motor outcomes, any adverse events. All classified analyzed according duration medication condition an included study. Risk bias evaluated by referencing Cochrane risk tool 1.0. Data Revman 5.4. 6 RCTs 176 included. Several functions measured during on-medication (severity signs -0.48 [95% CI -0.93, -0.04], -0.85, -0.1], -0.4 -0.78, -0.03]), improved significantly. However, verbal fluency, sleep-related impairment, fatigue negatively impacted condition. No distinct events reported. is relatively safe PD. It small moderate effects may impact few outcomes. Quality level evidence low further research warranted. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024503322 (PROSPERO).

Language: Английский

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The physiology, anatomy and stimulation of the vagus nerve in epilepsy

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 9, 2025

The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, with much of its territory residing outside head, in neck, chest and abdomen. Although belonging to parasympathetic division autonomic nervous system, it dominated by sensory axons originating heart, lungs airways gastrointestinal tract. Electrical stimulation cervical via surgically implanted cuff electrodes has been used clinically for treatment drug-resistant epilepsy three decades but also shown efficacy depression certain disorders. Through consideration anatomical composition physiology distribution throughout body, we review effects context epilepsy. This narrative divided into two sections: part one surveys anatomy describes what know about how works.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the central and peripheral nervous system to regulate bone homeostasis: mechanisms and potential therapies

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Abstract The skeleton is innervated by different types of nerves and receives signaling from the nervous system to maintain homeostasis facilitate regeneration or repair. Although role peripheral signals in regulating bone has been extensively investigated, intimate relationship between central remains less understood, yet it emerged as a hot topic field. In this review, we discussed clinical observations animal studies that elucidate connection metabolism, either intact after injury. First, explored mechanistic linking specific brain nuclei with homeostasis, including ventromedial hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic amygdala, locus coeruleus. We then focused on characteristics innervation nerve subtypes, such sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic nerves. Moreover, summarized molecular features regulatory functions these Finally, included available translational approaches utilize function improve promote regeneration. Therefore, considering within context neuromusculoskeletal interactions can deepen our understanding skeletal repair process, ultimately benefiting future translation.

Language: Английский

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