Gut microbiota-related neuroinflammation at the crossroad of food reward alterations: implications for eating disorders

Gut, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 333397

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

The link between gut microbiome and eating behaviours, especially palatable food intake, is a growing focus of scientific investigation. complex ecosystem microorganisms in the influences host metabolism, immune function neurobehavioural signalling. This review explores role neuroinflammation dysregulations food-induced reward signalling potential causal microbiota on these proinflammatory processes. Particular attention given to disorders (ED, specifically anorexia nervosa, binge disorder bulimia nervosa) links with microbiota, alterations neuroinflammation. Finally, we propose modulation as promising therapeutic strategy ED.

Language: Английский

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The current clinical approach to feeding and eating disorders aimed to increase personalization of management

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 4 - 31

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are a heterogeneous grouping of at the mind-body interface, with typical onset from childhood into emerging adulthood. They occur along spectrum disordered compensatory weight management behaviors, low to high body weight. Psychiatric comorbidities norm. In contrast other major psychiatric disorders, first-line treatments for FEDs mainly psychological and/or nutrition-focused, medications playing minor adjunctive role. Patients, carers clinicians all have identified personalization treatment as priority. Yet, FEDs, evidence base supporting this is limited. Importantly, related behaviors can serious physical consequences may put patient's life risk. these cases, immediate safety risk considerations least period need be prioritized over efforts care. This paper systematically reviews several key domains that relevant characterization individual patient FED aimed management. These include symptom profile, clinical subtypes, severity, staging, complications consequences, antecedent concomitant conditions, social functioning quality life, neurocognition, cognition emotion, dysfunctional cognitive schemata, personality traits, family history, early environmental exposures, recent stigma, protective factors. Where possible, validated assessment measures use in practice identified. The limitations current pointed out, possible directions future research highlighted. also novel approaches providing more fine-grained sophisticated ways personalize such those utilize neurobiological markers. We additionally outline remote measurement technologies designed delineate patients' illness recovery trajectories facilitate development intervention approaches.

Language: Английский

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Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 1 - 14

Published: June 21, 2023

Eating disorders are serious illnesses showing high rates of mortality and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted therapy has recently shown potential in the treatment several common comorbidities eating disorders, including mood post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders. The theorized therapeutic mechanisms psychedelic-assisted suggest that it could be beneficial as well. In this review, we summarize preliminary data on efficacy people anorexia nervosa, bulimia binge which include studies case reports ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, ayahuasca. We then discuss these three both general those relatively specific to find evidence may effective nervosa very little available disorder. Regarding mechanisms, able improve beliefs about body image, normalize reward processing, promote cognitive flexibility, facilitate trauma processing. Just importantly, appears factors relevant many their comorbidities. Lastly, safety concerns associated treatments present recommendations for future research.

Language: Английский

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From gut microbiota to brain: implications on binge eating disorders

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 23, 2024

The prevalence of eating disorders has been increasing over the last 50 years. Binge disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are two typical disabling, costly life-threatening that substantially compromise physical well-being individuals while undermining their psychological functioning. distressing recurrent episodes binge commonly observed in both BED BN; however, they diverge as BN often involves adoption inappropriate compensatory behaviors aimed at averting weight gain. Normal behavior is coordinated by a well-regulated trade-off between intestinal central ingestive mechanism. Conversely, despite fact etiology remains incompletely resolved, emerging evidence corroborates notion dysbiosis gastrointestinal microbiome its metabolites, alteration gut-brain axis, well malfunctioning circuitry regulating motivation, execution reward all contribute to pathology eating. In this review, we aim outline current state knowledge pertaining potential mechanisms through which each component axis participates behaviors, provide insight for development microbiome-based therapeutic interventions hold promise ameliorating patients afflicted with disorders.

Language: Английский

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Repeated binge‐like eating episodes in female rats alter adenosine A_2A and dopamine D2 receptor genes regulation in the brain reward system

International Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(7), P. 1433 - 1446

Published: April 23, 2024

Abstract Objective Binge‐eating disorder is an eating characterized by recurrent binge‐eating episodes, during which individuals consume excessive amounts of highly palatable food (HPF) in a short time. This study investigates the intricate relationship between repeated episode and transcriptional regulation two key genes, adenosine A 2A receptor ( AR ) dopamine D2 D2R ), selected brain regions rats. Method Binge‐like behavior on HPF was induced through combination restrictions frustration stress (15 min exposure to without access it) female rats, compared control rats subjected only restriction or none these conditions. After chronic nucleic acids were extracted from different regions, gene expression levels assessed real‐time quantitative PCR. The methylation pattern genes' promoters investigated using pyrosequencing. Results analysis revealed upregulation amygdala ventral tegmental area (VTA), downregulation nucleus accumbens Concurrently, site‐specific DNA alterations at identified VTA for caudate putamen . Discussion genes highlight significance epigenetic mechanisms etiology behavior, underscore potential targeted therapeutic interventions, prevent development this maladaptive feeding behavior. These findings provide valuable insights future research field disorders. Public Significance Using animal model with face, construct, predictive validity, cycles evoke we regulation. They could represent new targets pharmacological management disorders

Language: Английский

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The interplay between prolactin and cardiovascular disease

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several conditions and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are understood in more detail. Nevertheless, recent decades, other metabolic have been studied data pointed to a potential increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A study showed decrease total LDL- cholesterol only men with prolactinoma treated dopamine agonists (DA) supporting previous results of population CVD risk harboring prolactinoma. However, studies did not find correlation between prolactin (PRL) levels or mortality. There is also pointing an increase high-density lipoprotein levels, decreases triglycerides, carotid-intima-media thickness, C-reactive protein, homocysteine patients DA treatment. PRL was implicated endothelial dysfunction pre postmenopausal women. Withdrawal resulted negative changes vascular parameters plasma fibrinogen. It has shown that were positively correlated blood pressure inversely dilatation brachial artery insulin sensitivity, elevated D-dimer levels. Regarding possible mechanisms for association hyperprolactinemia risk, they include direct effect PRL, hypogonadism, even treatment, independently In conclusion, seems associated impaired function treatment could improve More evaluating hyperprolactinemic important define indication beyond hypogonadism.

Language: Английский

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5-HT2C Receptor Stimulation in Obesity Treatment: Orthosteric Agonists vs. Allosteric Modulators

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1449 - 1449

Published: March 17, 2023

Obesity is a substantial health and economic issue, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) an important neurotransmitter system involved in the regulation of body weight. The 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs), one 16 5-HT receptor (5-HTRs) subtypes, play significant role food intake weight control. In this review, we focused on 5-HTR agonists, such as fenfluramines, sibutramine, lorcaserin, which act directly or indirectly at 5-HT2CRs have been introduced into clinic antiobesity medications. Due to their unwanted effects, they were withdrawn from market. 5-HT2CR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be potentially safer active drugs than agonists. However, more vivo validation PAMs required fully determine if these will effective obesity prevention pharmacology treatment. Methodology strategy: This review focuses agonism treatment, gain. literature was reviewed according topic. We searched PubMed Scopus databases Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open-access scientific journals using following keyword search strategy depending chapter phrases: (1) "5-HT2C receptor" AND "food intake", (2) "obesity" "respective agonists", (3) "PAM". included preclinical studies (only present loss effects) double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials published since 1975s (mostly related treatment), excluded pay-walled articles. After process, authors selected, carefully screened, appropriate papers. total, 136 articles review.

Language: Английский

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Dysfunctional decision-making in binge-eating disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105250 - 105250

Published: May 30, 2023

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, post-feeding psychological distress guilt. Evidence indicates neurocognitive dysfunctions contribute to BED onset, maintenance, treatment response. However, an integrated understanding of how cognitive processes underpin symptomology is lacking. We utilised a multi-stage decision-making model defining ten underpinning Preference Formation, Choice Implementation, Feedback Processing, Flexibility/Shifting, comprehensively review research published since 2013. used preregistered PICOS criteria assess 1966 articles identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus database searches. This yielded 50 studies reporting behavioural tasks outcomes, comparing individuals with controls normal higher weight. Meta-analyses revealed unique profile that spanned all stages. Significant deficits were evident in Uncertainty Evaluation, Attentional Inhibition, Consistency, Cognitive Flexibility/Set-shifting. propose novel dysfunctional describe their role behaviour. further highlight the potential for interventions target these address significant gap BED.

Language: Английский

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Neurocognitive reward processes measured via event-related potentials are associated with binge-eating disorder diagnosis and ecologically-assessed behavior

Appetite, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 193, P. 107151 - 107151

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Basic Human Behaviours

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 331 - 344

Published: March 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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