Overfishing and habitat loss drive range contraction of iconic marine fishes to near extinction

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(7)

Published: Feb. 10, 2021

Extinctions on land are often inferred from sparse sightings over time, but this technique is ill-suited for wide-ranging species. We develop a space-for-time approach to track the spatial contraction and drivers of decline sawfishes. These iconic endangered shark-like rays were once found in warm, coastal waters 90 nations now presumed extinct more than half (n = 46). Using dynamic geography theory, we predict that sawfishes gone at least nine additional nations. Overfishing habitat loss have reduced occupancy, leading local extinctions 55 nations, which equates 58.7% their historical distribution. Retention bans protections urgently necessary secure future similar

Language: Английский

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Overcoming the Data Crisis in Biodiversity Conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 676 - 688

Published: July 7, 2018

HighlightsDiagnosing the conservation status of many species is hampered by insufficient data. Modern computer-intensive fitting methods make it possible to merge mechanistic models and population data on well-studied indicator species, extending inferences we can about their data-limited relatives.Historically, assessments have used from one or create ad hoc proxy values for life-history traits relatives, but with modern Bayesian share information in a standardized, coherent way.Advances understanding community ecology evolution be incorporated into these as priors, statistical power even when are sparse.These advances offer new possibilities rigorous assessment protection populations that previously suffered policy gaps created data.AbstractHow track trends monitoring sparse? Population declines go undetected, despite ongoing threats. For example, only every 200 harvested monitored. This gap leads uncertainty seriousness hampers effective conservation. Collecting more important, also better use existing information. Prior knowledge physiology, life history, inform models. Additionally, multispecies models, shared among taxa based phylogenetic, spatial, temporal proximity. By exploiting generalities across evolutionary ecological characteristics within hierarchical fill crucial species' unparalleled quantitative rigor.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive resilience: a paradigm shift in understanding spawner‐recruit systems in exploited marine fish

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 285 - 312

Published: Sept. 17, 2016

Abstract A close relationship between adult abundance and stock productivity may not exist for many marine fish stocks, resulting in concern that the management goal of maximum sustainable yield is either inefficient or risky. Although reproductive success tightly coupled with fecundity terrestrial animals, exploited where when spawn consequent dispersal dynamics have a greater impact. Here, we propose an eco‐evolutionary perspective, resilience, to understand connectivity fish. Reproductive resilience capacity population maintain needed result long‐term stability despite disturbances. stock's driven by underlying traits its spawner‐recruit system, selected over evolutionary timescales, ecological context within which it operating. Spawner‐recruit systems are species specific, both density‐dependent fitness feedback loops made up fixed, behavioural ecologically variable traits. They operate multiple temporal, spatial biological scales, trait diversity affecting at individual (i.e. portfolio) scales. Models fall three categories: (i) two‐dimensional models spawner recruit); (ii) process‐based biophysical integrate physical environmental processes into understanding recruitment; (iii) complex spatially explicit integrated life cycle models. We review these their assumptions about vs. our emerging mechanistic understanding. conclude practical guidelines integrating assessments productivity.

Language: Английский

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Species diversity, taxonomy and distribution of Chondrichthyes in the Mediterranean and Black Sea

The European Zoological Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 87(1), P. 497 - 536

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Species diversity assessments are an important step to evaluate the conservation status of a community, both in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. These pivotal if related both, constant increase human pressure on ecosystems anthropogenic climate change occurring nowadays. Sharks rays globally threatened, situation is particularly alarming Mediterranean Sea where more than 50% species listed at risk extinction by International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN). In this paper, we revise discuss chondrichthyan richness Black Sea. Through accurate review published taxonomic studies, historical data occurrence, analyses scientific survey biodiversity databases other papers, produced revised list whose presence confirmed or highly probable discussed current occurrence disputes that instead rarer claimed be locally extinct. We total 88 species, representing 30 families 48 genera currently present This number includes shark 38 batoids, 2 chimaeras. The represents reference future cartilaginous fish region guide decision-makers when promoting sustainable exploitation fisheries resource within ecosystem-based framework. paper can help set baseline thus resolve some uncertainties regarding their status, explaining reasons prolonged absence reports. Indeed, failure record over time may not due grubbing up, but because after careful was really part fauna.

Language: Английский

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Valuable but vulnerable: Over-fishing and under-management continue to threaten groupers so what now?

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 103909 - 103909

Published: March 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Data-driven approach for highlighting priority areas for protection in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 103927 - 103927

Published: March 28, 2020

One of the aims United Nations (UN) negotiations on conservation and sustainable use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is to develop a legal process for establishment area-based management tools, including protected areas, ABNJ. Here we planning algorithm integrate 55 global data layers ABNJ species diversity, habitat heterogeneity, benthic features, productivity, fishing as means highlighting priority regions be considered spatial protection. We also include information forecasted distributions under climate change. found that parameterizing protect at least 30% these key while avoiding high effort, yielded solution highlights 52,545,634 km2 (23.7%) Instructing model avoid with effort resulted relatively minor shifts solution, when compared separate did not consider effort. Integrating change had similarly influence suggesting climate-informed may able now future. This globally standardized, data-driven identifying protection serves valuable complement other expert-driven processes underway highlight ecologically or biologically significant regions. Both outputs methods exhibited this analysis can additively inform UN decision-making concerning areas.

Language: Английский

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Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(12), P. 2773 - 2781.e3

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks, rays, and chimaeras: the importance of survival to maturity

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 73(8), P. 1159 - 1163

Published: June 10, 2016

The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase (r max ) is a commonly estimated demographic parameter used in assessments extinction risk. In teleosts, r can be calculated using an estimate spawners per spawner, but for chondrichthyans, most studies have annual reproductive output (b) instead. This problematic as it effectively assumes all juveniles survive to maturity. Here, we propose updated equation that uses simple mortality estimator also accounts survival maturity: the reciprocal average life-span. For 94 now values are on 10% lower than previously published. Our estimates published species mature later relative age and those with high fecundity. extreme discrepancies occur low at maturity output. results indicate chondrichthyans relatively life, lesser extent highly fecund, less resilient fishing thought.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive hyperallometry and managing the world’s fisheries

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(34)

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Significance We find that a ubiquitous assumption in fisheries models for predicting population replenishment introduces systematic overestimates of fished populations. For 32 the world’s major fisheries, these biases result harvest thresholds being set too high: most cases, reference points based on spawning potential ratios are more than 2.5 times higher those necessary to achieve desired level replenishment. When we use biologically appropriate reproductive hyperallometry, management tools such as spatiotemporal closures and slots can outperform traditional approaches terms yield. Failing consider hyperallometry efficacy underestimates benefits create reservoirs larger individuals.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneous genetic basis of age at maturity in salmonid fishes

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1435 - 1456

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Understanding the genetic basis of repeated evolution same phenotype across taxa is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology and has applications conservation management. However, extent to which interspecific life-history trait polymorphisms share pathways remains underexplored. Here, we address this gap by studying key trait, age at maturity, four species Pacific salmonids (genus Oncorhynchus) that exhibit intra- variation trait-Chinook Salmon, Coho Sockeye Steelhead Trout. We tested for associations all between maturity two genome regions, six6 vgll3, are strongly associated with Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). also conducted genome-wide association analysis assess whether additional regions were trait. found be heterogeneous salmonid species. Significant observed species, Steelhead, being particularly strong both sexes (p = 4.46 × 10-9 after adjusting genomic inflation). no significant detected vgll3 region any despite its Salmon. discuss possible explanations nature architecture as well implications our findings

Language: Английский

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