Maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae): a synthesis of ecological, genetic, and molecular processes

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 523 - 571

Published: June 7, 2021

Abstract Over the past decades, Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar, Salmonidae) has emerged as a model system for sexual maturation research, owing to high diversity of life history strategies, knowledge trait genetic architecture, and their economic value. The aim this synthesis is summarize current state concerning in salmon, outline gaps, provide roadmap future work. We knowledge: 1) takes place over entire cycle, starting early embryo development, 2) variation timing promotes 3) ecological factors influence maturation, 4) processes are sex-specific may have fitness consequences each sex, 5) genomic studies identified large-effect loci that 6) brain-pituitary–gonadal axis regulates molecular physiological 7) key component fisheries, aquaculture, conservation, management, 8) climate change, fishing pressure, other anthropogenic stressors likely major effects on maturation. In future, research should focus broader stages, including embryonic marine phase return migration. recommend combining approaches will help disentangle relative contributions different stages Functional validation reveal how these genes Finally, continued improve our predictions adapt challenges.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive biology of invasive grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in two North American systems

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) are nonnative, herbivorous freshwater fish that represent an ecological threat in North American waters. However, data limited on reproductive biology specific to wild populations midwestern America, despite recent concern for grass establishment within the Great Lakes. Basic information traits could be useful determine potential, inform future population modelling and provide aid control efforts. Our objectives were evaluate age‐at‐maturity, spawning season timing, fecundity type, developmental timing strategy. Additionally, we evaluated reliability of gonadosomatic index (GSI) as a proxy identifying mature compared body condition across study areas. We sampled portions Mississippi River watershed state Missouri Lake Erie basin. Based gonad histological samples n = 274), batch spawners with indeterminate asynchronous ovarian timing. This allows flexibility their spawning, exemplified by protracted (April November) temperatures ranging from 12.3 27.3°C. Minimum observed age‐at‐maturity females both males was age‐3 age‐2 Missouri. Accuracy GSI measure maturity during 89.7% 87.5%, males, respectively. Compared Missouri, had significantly higher condition, ready spawn values, suggesting healthier more fecund relative and, if left uncontrolled, potentially have high probability The results this will allow managers identify status field accurately estimate potential.

Language: Английский

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Investigating structural variant, indel and single nucleotide polymorphism differentiation between locally adapted Atlantic salmon populations

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Genomic structural variants (SVs) are now recognized as an integral component of intraspecific polymorphism and known to contribute evolutionary processes in various organisms. However, they inherently difficult detect genotype from readily available short-read sequencing data, therefore remain poorly documented wild populations. Salmonid species displaying strong interpopulation variability both life history traits habitat characteristics, such Atlantic salmon (

Language: Английский

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An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1929 - 1957

Published: June 9, 2021

Abstract Lifetime reproductive success (LRS), the number of offspring produced over an organism's lifetime, is a fundamental component Darwinian fitness. For taxa such as salmonids with multiple species conservation concern, understanding factors affecting LRS critical for development and implementation successful management practices. Here, we reviewed published literature to synthesize in including significant effects hatchery rearing, life history, phenotypic variation, behavioral spawning interactions. Additionally, found that affected by competitive behavior on grounds, genetic compatibility, local adaptation, hybridization. Our review existing revealed limitations studies, emphasize following areas warrant further attention future research: (1) expanding range studies assessing across different life‐history strategies, specifically accounting distinct migratory phenotypes; (2) broadening variety represented salmonid fitness studies; (3) constructing multigenerational pedigrees track long‐term effects; (4) conducting investigate aquatic stressors, anthropogenic effects, pathogens, environmental both freshwater marine environments, overall body condition, (5) utilizing appropriate statistical approaches determine explain greatest variation providing information regarding biological significance, power limitations, potential sources error parentage studies. Overall, this emphasizes have profoundly advanced scientific fitness, but substantial challenges need be overcome assist recovery these keystone ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Implications of Large-Effect Loci for Conservation: A Review and Case Study with Pacific Salmon

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113(2), P. 121 - 144

Published: Nov. 7, 2021

The increasing feasibility of assembling large genomic datasets for non-model species presents both opportunities and challenges applied conservation management. A popular theme in recent studies is the search large-effect loci that explain substantial portions phenotypic variance a key trait(s). If such can be linked to adaptations, 2 important questions arise: 1) Should information from these used reconfigure units (CUs), even if this conflicts with overall patterns genetic differentiation? 2) How should viability assessments populations larger CUs? In review, we address context Chinook salmon steelhead (anadromous form rainbow trout) show strong associations between adult migration timing specific alleles one small region. Based on polygenic paradigm (most traits are controlled by many genes effect) data available at time showing early-migrating most closely related nearby late-migrating populations, differences Pacific were considered reflect diversity within CUs rather than separate CUs. Recent data, however, suggest required early migration, lost where conditions do not support phenotypes. Contrasting determinations under US Endangered Species Act State California's equivalent legislation illustrate complexities incorporating genomics into CU configuration decisions. Regardless how defined, consider phenotypes experience disproportionate risks across geographic areas, so it becomes identify serve as reliable sources valuable resources; architecture, especially existence loci, affect evolutionary potential adaptability.

Language: Английский

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Whole genome resequencing identifies local adaptation associated with environmental variation for redband trout

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 800 - 818

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Aquatic ectotherms are predicted to harbour genomic signals of local adaptation resulting from selective pressures driven by the strong influence climate conditions on body temperature. We investigated in redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) using genome scans for 547 samples 11 populations across a wide range habitats and thermal gradients interior Columbia River. estimated allele frequencies millions single nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) low‐coverage whole resequencing, used population structure outlier analyses identify regions under divergent selection between populations. Twelve showed signatures adaptation, including two associated with genes known migration developmental timing salmonids GREB1L , ROCK1 SIX6 ). Genotype–environment association indicated that diurnal temperature variation was driver primarily divergence northern extreme subspecies range. also found evidence adaptive differences high‐elevation desert vs. montane at smaller geographical scale. Finally, we vulnerability future change ecological niche modelling genetic offset scenarios. These substantial habitat loss shifts necessary habitats, greatest Our results provide new insight into complexity salmonids, important predictions regarding responses change.

Language: Английский

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Long‐distance migration is a major factor driving local adaptation at continental scale in Coho salmon

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 542 - 559

Published: Jan. 9, 2022

Inferring the genomic basis of local adaptation is a long-standing goal evolutionary biology. Beyond its fundamental implications, such knowledge can guide conservation decisions for populations and management concern. Here, we investigated in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) across entire North American range. We hypothesized that extensive spatial variation environmental conditions species' homing behaviour may promote establishment adaptation. genotyped 7829 individuals representing 217 sampling locations at more than 100,000 high-quality RADseq loci to investigate how recombination might affect detection putatively under selection took advantage precise description demographic history species from our previous work draw accurate population inferences about The results indicated genetic differentiation scans genetic-environment association analyses were both significantly affected by rate as low regions displayed an increased number outliers. By taking these confounding factors into consideration, revealed migration distance was primary selective factor driving partial parallel divergence among distant populations. Moreover, identified several candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with long-distance altitude including gene known be involved other species. implications findings are discussed along applications.

Language: Английский

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Tissue-specific metabolic enzyme levels covary with whole-animal metabolic rates and life-history loci via epistatic effects

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1896)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Metabolic rates, including standard (SMR) and maximum (MMR) metabolic rate have often been linked with life-history strategies. Variation in context- tissue-level metabolism underlying SMR MMR may thus provide a physiological basis for variation. This raises hypothesis that tissue-specific covaries whole-animal rates is genetically to life history. In Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), variation two loci, vgll3 six6 , affects history via age-at-maturity as well MMR. Here, using individuals known different genotype combinations, we measured proxies of mitochondrial density anaerobic metabolism, i.e. maximal activities the citrate synthase (CS) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, four tissues (heart, intestine, liver, white muscle) across low- high-food regimes. We found enzymatic were related mainly SMR, intestine heart. Individual loci not associated activities, but epistatic effects genotype-by-environment interactions CS activity heart epistasis LDH intestine. These suggest capacity partly mediate age-at-maturity. article part theme issue ‘The evolutionary significance rates’.

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted framework for defining conservation units: An example from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Canada

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1568 - 1585

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Conservation units represent important components of intraspecific diversity that can aid in prioritizing and protecting at-risk populations, while also safeguarding unique contribute to species resilience. In Canada, identification assessments conservation is done by the Committee on Status Endangered Wildlife Canada (COSEWIC). COSEWIC recognize below level (termed "designatable units"; DUs) if unit has attributes make it both discrete evolutionarily significant. There are various ways which a DU meet criteria discreteness significance, increasing access "big data" providing unprecedented information directly inform criteria. Specifically, incorporation genomic data for an number non-model informing more assessments; thus, repeatable, robust framework needed integrating these into characterization. Here, we develop uses multifaceted, weight evidence approach incorporate multiple types, including genetic data, DUs. We apply this delineate DUs Atlantic salmon (

Language: Английский

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Genetic parentage reveals the (un)natural history of Central Valley hatchery steelhead

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Populations composed of individuals descended from multiple distinct genetic lineages often feature significant differences in phenotypic frequencies. We considered hatchery production steelhead, the migratory anadromous form salmonid species

Language: Английский

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