Knowledge gaps on grape sour rot inferred from a systematic literature review

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 3, 2024

Sour rot (SR) is one of the major diseases affecting grapevine berries, causing severe yield losses and deterioration wine quality. SR caused by an etiologic complex microorganisms, including yeasts, bacteria, filamentous fungi. This systematic review focuses on etiology, epidemiology, control SR. A total 74 papers published between 1986 2023 were assessed in this review. Description disease symptoms was quite consistent across papers, oxidation grape skin, disaggregation internal tissues, detachment rotten berries from pedicel. The affected bunches are characterized smell acetic acid ethyl acetate that attracts fruit flies ( Drosophila spp.). However, several knowledge gaps and/or inconsistencies identified with respect to control. Overall, 146 microorganisms isolated (44.5% 34.3% 21.2% fungi); however, selected could not definitively clarify which species primarily involved etiology disease. general inconsistency also observed methods used assess incidence severity vineyards, making inter-study comparisons extremely challenging. Inconsistencies found for pathogenicity assessment artificial inoculation studies. Furthermore, detected terms a focus environmental conditions development. management options limited, efficacy trials often result poor, variable, inconsistent levels control, might be attributed lack epidemiology. These analyzed inform future research activities.

Language: Английский

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Effects of developmental and adult environments on ageing

Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(8), P. 1868 - 1882

Published: July 12, 2022

Developmental and adult environments can interact in complex ways to influence the fitness of individuals. Most studies investigating effects environment on focus experienced traits expressed at a single point an organism's life. However, vary with time, so that organisms experience different ages may affect how change throughout Here, we test whether thermal stress during development leads individuals cope better as adults. We manipulated temperature both adulthood measured range life-history traits, including senescence, male female seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus). found reduced reproductive performance females. In contrast, life span age-dependent mortality were affected more by than developmental environments, high temperatures decreasing longevity increasing mortality. Aside from interaction between changes weight, did not find any evidence beneficial acclimation response stress. Overall, our results show be sex trait specific, full understanding ageing requires integrated study conditions stages ontogeny.

Language: Английский

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Thermal and nutritional environments during development exert different effects on adult reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 443 - 457

Published: Nov. 24, 2020

Abstract Environments experienced during development have long‐lasting consequences for adult performance and fitness. The “environmental matching” hypothesis predicts that individuals perform best when developmental environments match whereas the “silver spoon” expects fitness is higher in developed under favorable regardless of environments. Temperature nutrition are two most influential determinants environmental quality, but it remains to be elucidated which these hypotheses better explains long‐term effects thermal nutritional histories on traits. Here we compared how temperature larval environment would affect survivorship reproductive success fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . aspect focused this study was dietary protein‐to‐carbohydrate (P:C) ratio. impact low improve survivorship. High P:C diet had a negative effect ingested stage, positive development. No matter whether matched or not, females raised warm protein‐enriched produced more eggs than those cool protein‐limiting environments, suggesting presence significant silver spoon nutrition. egg production weak persisted across early stage initially strong diminished rapidly after day 5 posteclosion. Egg strongly influenced by ratio diet, indicating contributing mainly reproduction shifted from diet. Our results highlight importance shaping organismal also demonstrate aspects differ fundamentally their nature, strength, persistence.

Language: Английский

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Conceptual and analytical approaches for modelling the developmental origins of inequality

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1883)

Published: June 26, 2023

In many species, individuals that experience harsh conditions during development have poor health and fitness outcomes in adulthood, compared with peers do not. These early-life contributions to inequality are often attributed two classes of evolutionary hypotheses: Developmental Constraints (DC) models, which focus on the deleterious effects low-quality environments, Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypotheses, emphasize costs incur when they make incorrect predictions about adulthood. Testing these hypotheses empirically is difficult for conceptual analytical reasons. Here, we help resolve some difficulties by providing mathematical definitions DC, PAR (particularly focusing 'external' PAR) related concepts. We propose a novel, quadratic regression-based statistical test derived from definitions. Our simulations show this approach markedly improves ability discriminate between DC relative status quo approach, uses interaction effects. Simulated data indicate conflates while regression yields high sensitivity specificity detecting PAR. results highlight value linking verbal visual models formal treatment understanding developmental origins inequitable adult outcomes. This article part theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology inequality'.

Language: Английский

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Misalignment of plastic and evolutionary responses of lifespan to novel carbohydrate diets

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Diet elicits varied effects on longevity across a wide range of animal species where dietary discordance between an organisms' evolutionary and developmental history is increasingly recognized to play critical role in shaping lifespan. However, whether such changes, predominantly assessed single generation, lead shifts lifespan remains unclear. In this study, we used experimental evolution approach test changes history, specifically carbohydrate content, causes Drosophila serrata . After 30 generations, investigated the potential response four novel diets that systematically their ratio carbohydrate–protein content. We also examined plasticity using set control populations were raised environments allowing us assess extent which plastic responses mirrored adaptive observed following evolution. Both high- low-carbohydrate elicited lifespan; however, for bore little resemblance evolved diets. Understanding conditions regulating match/mismatch will be important determining particular combination While differences diet by interactions are only beginning elucidated, study lays foundation future investigations contributions health

Language: Английский

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Shared genetic architecture links energy metabolism, behavior and starvation resistance along a power-endurance axis

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 150 - 162

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Shared developmental, physiological, and molecular mechanisms can generate strong genetic covariances across suites of traits, constraining variability, evolvability to certain axes in multivariate trait space ("variational modules" or "syndromes"). Such will not only respond jointly selection; they also covary populations that diverged from one another by drift. We report evidence for such a genetically correlated suite links traits related energy metabolism along "power-endurance" axis Drosophila melanogaster. The "power" pole the is characterized high potential generation expenditure-high expression glycolysis TCA cycle genes, abundance mitochondria, spontaneous locomotor activity. opposite "endurance" triglyceride (fat) reserves, endurance, starvation resistance (and low values associated with pole). This aligns first principal component metabolome; direction levels trehalose (blood sugar) some amino acids their derivatives, including creatine, compound known facilitate production muscles. Our comes six replicate "Selected" adapted nutrient-poor larval diet regime during 250 generations experimental evolution "Control" evolved parallel on standard regime. found that, within each these evolutionary regimes, above strongly covaried this which diversified drift, indicating shared architecture. two regimes drove divergence axis, Selected average displaced towards compared Controls. Aspects resemble "pace life" syndrome "thrifty phenotype"; it may have as part coordinated organismal response nutritional conditions.

Language: Английский

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Untangling plastic responses to combined thermal and dietary stress in insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101328 - 101328

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Distributions of LRS in varying environments

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1328 - 1340

Published: April 26, 2021

Abstract The lifetime reproductive success (LRS) of individuals is affected by random events such as death, realized growth or reproduction, and the outcomes these can differ even when have identical probabilities. Another source randomness arises probabilities also change over time in variable environments. For structured populations stochastic environments, we extend our recent method to determine how birth environment stage distribution LRS. Our results provide a null model that quantifies effects on LRS just size stage. Using Roe deer Capreolus capreolus case study, show effect an individual's varies with frequency environments their temporal autocorrelation, performance changes pattern environmental states expected result climate change.

Language: Английский

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Reproducing during Heat Waves: Influence of Juvenile and Adult Environment on Fecundity of a Pest Mite and Its Predator

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 554 - 554

Published: April 5, 2023

The thermal history of arthropod predators and their prey may affect reproductive performance during heat waves. Thus, a matching juvenile adult environment should be beneficial as it enables the individuals to acclimate extreme conditions. Prey fecundity, however, is also affected by second stressor, namely predation risk. Here, we assessed impact mild waves on output acclimated (juvenile wave conditions are matching) non-acclimated females biocontrol agent Phytoseiulus persimilis, predatory mite, its herbivorous prey, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, bean leaves. Their escape oviposition rates egg sizes were recorded over 10 days. Additionally, ovipositing exposed predator cues Acclimation changed both species, whereas fecundity was only influenced via increased numbers under reduced rates, which higher for predator. Pooled acclimation, species deposited more but smaller eggs dampened this effect in eggs, acclimation resulted female larger male eggs. Predator oviposition, small compared large increase gained We argue that success controlling mites mainly depends fates escaping predators. A permanent absence result numerical dominance prey.

Language: Английский

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Climate warming exacerbates plant disease through enhancing commensal interaction of co-infested insect vectors

Journal of Pest Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(3), P. 945 - 959

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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