Ocean Acidification and Human Health

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 4563 - 4563

Published: June 24, 2020

The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen, livelihoods, blue spaces, medicines. global threat these posed by accelerating acidification is becoming increasingly evident as the world’s oceans absorb carbon dioxide emissions. While was initially perceived a only marine realm, here we argue that it also an emerging issue. Specifically, explore how affects quantity quality of well-being in context of: (1) malnutrition poisoning, (2) respiratory issues, (3) mental impacts, (4) development medical resources. We mitigation adaptation management strategies can be implemented strengthen capacity acidifying continue providing benefits. Importantly, emphasize cost such actions will dependent upon socioeconomic context; specifically, costs likely greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, exacerbating current inequitable distribution environmental challenges. Given scale impacts on recognizing researching complexities may allow not are harms reduced but benefits enhanced.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 18, 2019

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved pCO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification. At the same time greenhouse warming surface results enhanced stratification shoaling upper mixed layers, exposing photosynthetic organisms dwelling here to increased visible UV radiation as well decreased nutrient supply. In addition, eutrophication reduce concentration O2 seawater, contributing spread hypoxic zones. All these global changes interact affect marine primary producers. Such interactions have been documented, but much smaller extent compared responses each single driver. combined effects could be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic depending on species physiological processes involved experimental setups. For most calcifying algae, impacts acidification, solar and/or elevated temperature clearly their calcification; for diatoms, light levels enhance growth at low, inhibit it high sunlight. nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), acidification associated with may N2 fixation activity, other environmental variables such trace metal availability neutralize even reverse effects. Macroalgae, hand, either juveniles adults, appear benefit from rates tolerance lowered pH. There has little documentation deoxygenation producers, though theoretically concentrations selectively carboxylation oxygenation catalyzed by Rubisco thereby autotrophs. Overall, change biology studies used double stressors laboratory tests. This overview examines features warming, deoxygenation, focussing

Language: Английский

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Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, guiding society's mitigation adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model‐data fusion product covering 10 surface indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational carbon data products. The include fugacity of dioxide, pH total scale, hydrogen ion content, free carbonate aragonite saturation state, calcite Revelle Factor, dissolved inorganic alkalinity content. evolution these presented 1° × grid as decadal averages every years preindustrial (1750), through historical (1850–2010), to five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5. These trajectories represent an improvement over previous products respect quantity, spatial temporal coverage, diversity underlying model simulations, provided SSPs. generated offers state‐of‐the‐art management tool 21st century under combined stressors climate change acidification. gridded available in NetCDF National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centers Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html , maps are jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html .

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 197 - 206

Published: April 26, 2019

Abstract The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. this rapid change surface waters well understood and readily detectable observations, yet there uncertainty about the effects acidification on society since it difficult to scale-up from laboratory mesocosm tests. Here, we provide synthesis likely ecosystem properties, functions services based observations along natural gradients pCO2. Studies at CO2 seeps worldwide show that biogenic habitats are particularly sensitive their degradation results less coastal protection habitat provisioning for fisheries. risks marine goods amplify with increasing causing shifts macroalgal dominance, loss biodiversity seep sites tropics, sub-tropics temperate coasts. Based empirical evidence, expect have serious consequences millions people who dependent protection, fisheries aquaculture. If humanity able make cuts fossil fuel emissions, will reduce costs avoid changes ecosystems seen areas projected pCO2 levels. A binding international agreement oceans should build United Nations Sustainable Development Goal ‘minimise address impacts acidification’.

Language: Английский

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Effects of microplastics on the functional traits of aquatic benthic organisms: A global-scale meta-analysis

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 117174 - 117174

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Hidden impacts of ocean warming and acidification on biological responses of marine animals revealed through meta-analysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 3, 2024

Conflicting results remain on the impacts of climate change marine organisms, hindering our capacity to predict future state ecosystems. To account for species-specific responses and ambiguous relation most metrics fitness, we develop a meta-analytical approach based deviation from reference values (absolute change) complement meta-analyses directional (relative) changes in responses. Using this approach, evaluate fish invertebrates warming acidification. We find that drivers induce calcification, survival, metabolism, significant deviations twice as many biological responses, including physiology, reproduction, behavior, development. Widespread are detected even under moderate intensity levels acidification, while mostly limited more severe levels. Because such may result ecological shifts impacting ecosystem structures processes, suggest will likely have stronger than those previously predicted alone.

Language: Английский

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Volcanic CO2 seep geochemistry and use in understanding ocean acidification

Biogeochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 152(1), P. 93 - 115

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

Abstract Ocean acidification is one of the most dramatic effects massive atmospheric release anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that has occurred since Industrial Revolution, although its on marine ecosystems are not well understood. Submarine volcanic hydrothermal fields have geochemical conditions provide opportunities to characterise elevated levels seawater CO life in field. Here, we review aspects shallow -rich seeps worldwide, focusing both gas composition and water chemistry. We then describe seepage overlying column. also present new data first synthesis biological community changes from best-studied seep sites world (off Vulcano Island, Sicily). In areas intense bubbling, extremely high pCO (> 10,000 μatm) result low pH (< 6) undersaturation aragonite calcite an area devoid calcified organisms such as shelled molluscs hard corals. Around 100–400 m away geochemistry becomes analogous future ocean with dissolved falling 900 420 μatm rises 7.6 8.0. Calcified species coralline algae sea urchins fare increasingly sessile communities shift domination by a few resilient (such uncalcified polychaetes) diverse complex (including abundant urchins) returns ambient . Laboratory advances our understanding sensitivity seawater, reveal how react simulated (e.g., using energetic trade-offs for calcification, reproduction, growth survival). Research at seeps, those off Vulcano, highlight consistent ecosystem responses rising , simplification food webs, losses functional diversity reduced provisioning goods services humans.

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification drives global reshuffling of ecological communities

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(23), P. 7038 - 7048

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

The paradigm that climate change will alter global marine biodiversity is one of the most widely accepted. Yet, its predictions remain difficult to test because laboratory systems are inadequate at incorporating ecological complexity, and common metrics have varying sensitivity detect change. Here, we for prevalence responses in community-level future (acidification warming) from studies volcanic CO2 vents across four major coastal ecosystems mesocosms. We detected globally replicable patterns species replacements community reshuffling under ocean acidification natural ecosystems, yet diversity other were often insensitive such change, even significant habitat loss. Where there was a lack consistent these function similar numbers observing negative versus positive stress. Laboratory showed weaker general. conclude can be revealing anticipated effects stress on biodiversity-even biogenic loss-and mask widespread communities ocean. Although influence restructuring less evident than loss, changes drive dynamics ecosystem stability or their functional Importantly, identity matters, representing substantial oceans.

Language: Английский

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Simplification, not “tropicalization”, of temperate marine ecosystems under ocean warming and acidification

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(19), P. 4771 - 4784

Published: July 16, 2021

Abstract Ocean warming is altering the biogeographical distribution of marine organisms. In tropics, rising sea surface temperatures are restructuring coral reef communities with sensitive species being lost. At divide between temperate and tropical communities, causing macroalgal forest loss spread corals, fishes other species, termed “tropicalization”. A lack field research into combined effects ocean acidification means there a gap in our ability to understand plan for changes coastal ecosystems. Here, we focus on tropicalization trajectory ecosystems becoming coral‐dominated systems. We conducted surveys situ transplants at natural analogues present future conditions under (i) (ii) both transition zone kelp show that increased herbivory by warm‐water exacerbates negates any benefits range extending corals growth physiology latitudes. Our data that, as ratchet up, lose forests but do not gain scleractinian corals. plus leads overall habitat shift simple turf‐dominated ecosystems, rather than complex tropicalized systems often seen alone. Simplification habitats CO 2 levels cascades through ecosystem could have severe consequences provision goods services.

Language: Английский

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The Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 15, 2023

The Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) is a data management system at the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). It manages wide range of ocean carbon acidification data, including chemical, physical, biological observations collected from research vessels, ships opportunity, uncrewed platforms, as well laboratory experiment results, model outputs. Additionally, OCADS serves repository related Global Observing (GOOS) biogeochemistry Essential Variables (EOVs), e.g., oxygen, nutrients, transient tracers, stable isotopes. endeavors to be one world's leading providers information, products, services. To provide best services community, prioritizes adopting customer-centric approach gathering knowledge expertise community improve its practices. aims make all accessible via single portal, welcomes submissions around world: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/.

Language: Английский

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