Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7878), P. 683 - 687

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Concepts and applications in functional diversity

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 1869 - 1885

Published: July 16, 2021

Abstract The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding biological and its change across space time. Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise critical value looking at species communities from a perspective, this led to proliferation methods for estimating contrasting dimensions diversity. Differences between these their development generated terminological inconsistencies confusion about selection most appropriate approach addressing any particular question, hampering potential comparative studies, simulation exercises meta‐analyses. Two general mathematical frameworks are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, dendrograms) relying multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes. We review frameworks, discuss strengths weaknesses provide an overview main R packages performing calculations. In parallel, we propose way organising metrics unified scheme quantify richness, divergence regularity individuals under each framework. This offers roadmap confidently approaching both theoretically practically. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Erosion of global functional diversity across the tree of life

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(13)

Published: March 26, 2021

Among plants and vertebrates, extinction risk is universally higher for the largest species with slower paces of life.

Language: Английский

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Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Trait‐based ecology has already revealed main independent axes of trait variation defining spaces that summarize plant adaptive strategies, but often ignoring intraspecific variability (ITV). By using empirical ITV‐level data for two dimensions leaf form and function 167 species across five habitat types (coastal dunes, forests, grasslands, heathlands, wetlands) in the Italian peninsula, we found ITV: (i) rotated define space; (ii) increased variance explained by these (iii) affected functional structure target space. However, magnitude effects was rather small depended on type. Our results reinforce idea ITV is context‐dependent, calling careful extrapolations patterns traits spatial scales. Importantly, our study provides a framework can be used to start integrating into space analyses.

Language: Английский

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funspace: An R package to build, analyse and plot functional trait spaces

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Aim Functional trait space analyses are pivotal to describe and compare organisms' functional diversity across the tree of life. Yet, there is no single application that streamlines many sometimes‐troublesome steps needed build analyse spaces. Innovation To fill this gap, we propose funspace , an R package easily handle bivariate multivariate analyses. The six functions constitute can be grouped in three modules: ‘Building exploring’, ‘Mapping’ ‘Plotting’. building exploring module defines main features a (e.g. metrics) by leveraging kernel density‐based methods. mapping uses general additive models map how target variable distributes within space. plotting provides options for creating flexible publication‐ready figures representing outputs obtained from previous modules. We provide worked example demonstrate complete workflow. Main Conclusions will researchers working with traits life new tool explore: (i) any space, (ii) relationship between other biological or non‐biological factor might contribute shaping species' diversity.

Language: Английский

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Functional diversity metrics using kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolumes

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 986 - 995

Published: May 29, 2020

Abstract The use of n ‐dimensional hypervolumes in trait‐based ecology is rapidly increasing. By representing the functional space a species or community as Hutchinsonian niche, abstract Euclidean defined by set independent axes corresponding to individuals traits, these multidimensional techniques show great potential for advance theory. In panorama existing methods delineating spaces, r package hypervolume ( Global Ecology and Biogeography , 23, 2014, 595–609) currently most used. However, functions calculating standard diversity (FD) indices—richness, divergence regularity—have not been developed within framework yet. This gap delaying its full exploitation ecology, meanwhile preventing possibility compare performance with that other methods. We develop calculate FD indices based on hypervolumes, including alpha (richness), beta (and respective components), dispersion, evenness, contribution originality. Altogether, provide coherent explore primary mathematical components setting. These new can work either objects raw data (species presence abundance their traits) input data, are versatile terms parameters options. implemented bat (Biodiversity Assessment Tools), an biodiversity assessments. As corpus common algorithm, it opens fully strengths niche concept research.

Language: Английский

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Shifting spaces: Which disparity or dissimilarity measurement best summarize occupancy in multidimensional spaces?

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(14), P. 7261 - 7275

Published: July 1, 2020

Multidimensional analysis of traits are now common in ecology and evolution based on trait spaces which each dimension summarizes the observed combination (a morphospace or an ecospace). Observations interest will typically occupy a subset this space, researchers calculate one more measures to quantify how organisms inhabit that space. In macroevolution ecology, these called disparity dissimilarity metrics generalized as space occupancy measures. Researchers use investigate changes through time, relation other groups organisms, response global environmental changes. However, mathematical biological meaning most is vague with majority widely used lacking formal description. Here, we propose broad classification into three categories capture size, density, position. We study behavior 25 position simulated empirical datasets. find no measure describes all aspects but some better at capturing certain aspects. Our results confirm (size, position) allow us relate any phenomena. Because choice specific data question, introduced https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms, tool both visualize for measurement. https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms designed help workers choose right measures, given properties their question. By providing guidelines vocabulary analysis, hope bridging gap multidimensional research between evolution.

Language: Английский

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Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Abstract Although species with larger body size and slow pace of life have a higher risk extinction at global scale, it is unclear whether this trend will be consistent across biogeographic realms. Here we measure the functional diversity terrestrial freshwater vertebrates in six realms predict their future changes through scenarios mimicking gradient threatened species. We show vastly different effects extinctions on between taxonomic groups realms, ranging from almost no decline to deep losses. The Indo-Malay Palearctic are particularly inclined experience drastic loss reaching 29 31%, respectively. Birds, mammals, reptiles regionally display loss, while projected losses amphibians fishes differ More efficient conservation policies should consider marked regional world.

Language: Английский

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Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 834, P. 155102 - 155102

Published: April 8, 2022

Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused invaders taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook heterogeneity species roles within among communities. As homogenizing biological invasions processes can be subtle, they may require use functional indices to properly evidenced. Starting from listing major indices, alongside presentation their strengths limitations, we focus studies pertaining invasive native communities recipient ecosystems using indices. By doing so, reveal that strongly vary at onset invasion process, while it stabilizes intermediate high levels invasion. changes occurring during lag phase an been poorly investigated, show is still unknown whether there are consistent in could indicate end phase. Thus, recommend providing information stage under consideration when computing metrics. For existing literature, also surprising very few explored difference between organisms same trophic levels, or assessed non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus analogue community. valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics structure functioning, applied timely implementation restoration plans improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides first synthetic guide hypothesis testing biology.

Language: Английский

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Plant functional traits best explain invasive species’ performance within a dynamic ecosystem - A review

Trees Forests and People, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100260 - 100260

Published: April 30, 2022

Invasive alien species (IAS) poses a significant threat to plant biodiversity globally and even considered one of the largest threats biodiversity, second habitat loss. They behave as pioneer in different landscapes, tolerant disturbances, climatic conditions, high competitive potential generalists distribution. Their superior ability results loss native flora leading extinction. The success IAS generally attributed differences functional traits compared less successful aliens well species. Several studies envisaged that impacts invasions are not universal depend on trait diversity both, introduced resident community. Functional best describe alien's over natives, they seem be important attributes conservation biology ecosystem management. Moreover, their ecological remain poorly understood due lack quantitative studies. In present paper, we adopted systematic literature review approach for collecting analysing scientific data. A total 212 critical research papers grey last three decades were found meeting aims, collected from relevant sources. Present emphasizes key between invasive plants which aid them alter functioning by modifying according needs. We also focus habitats invasion based conceptual framework concerning response-effect traits. Review provides assessment invading performance, emerging problems possible solution.

Language: Английский

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