Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6580)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Over the past several years, term PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) has grown to be emblematic of environmental contamination, garnering public, scientific, regulatory concern. are synthesized by two processes, direct fluorination (e.g., electrochemical fluorination) oligomerization fluorotelomerization). More than a megatonne is produced yearly, thousands wind up in end-use products. Atmospheric aqueous fugitive releases during manufacturing, use, disposal have resulted global distribution these compounds. Volatile facilitate long-range transport, commonly followed complex transformation schemes recalcitrant terminal PFAS, which do not degrade under conditions thus migrate through environment accumulate biota multiple pathways. Efforts remediate PFAS-contaminated matrices still their infancy, with much current research targeting drinking water.

Language: Английский

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Early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and latent health outcomes: A review including the placenta as a target tissue and possible driver of peri- and postnatal effects

Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 443, P. 152565 - 152565

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(1), P. 167 - 208

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

The applications of fluorinated molecules in bioengineering and nanotechnology are expanding rapidly with the controlled introduction fluorine being broadly studied due to unique properties C–F bonds. This review will focus on design utility containing materials imaging, therapeutics, environmental a central theme importance controlling fluorine–fluorine interactions understanding how such impact biological behavior. Low natural abundance is shown provide sensitivity background advantages for imaging detection variety diseases 19F magnetic resonance 18F positron emission tomography ultrasound discussed as illustrative examples. presence bonds can also be used tailor membrane permeability pharmacokinetic drugs delivery agents enhanced cell uptake therapeutics. A key message this that while promise significant, subset highly compounds per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been identified posing potential risk human health. bond significant PFAS structures necessitate development new strategies facile efficient removal remediation. Recent progress fluorine-containing molecular therapeutic reviewed their features contrasted health risks systems. Finally, present challenges future directions exploitation aspects systems described.

Language: Английский

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PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 44 - 44

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties exceptional stability to chemical thermal degradation. The unique PFAS has been exploited for almost 60 years largely contributed their wide applicability vast range industrial, professional non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these represent also serious concern both wildlife human health as result ubiquitous distribution, extreme persistence bioaccumulative potential. In light the adverse effects have already documented in biota populations or might occur absence prompt interventions, competent authorities matter environment protection, industries well scientists cooperating identify most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans remediation technologies mitigate impacts. this review, starting from chemistry, uses environmental fate, we summarize current knowledge on occurrence different media living organisms, particular emphasis humans. Also, describe present provisional legislative measures European Union framework strategy regulate manufacture, import use some promising treatment designed remediate contamination compartments.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Markers of Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(4)

Published: April 1, 2022

Background: Experimental evidence indicates that exposure to certain pollutants is associated with liver damage. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals widely used in industry consumer products bioaccumulate food webs human tissues, such as the liver. Objective: The objective of this study was conduct a systematic review literature meta-analysis evaluating PFAS injury from rodent epidemiological studies. Methods: PubMed Embase were searched for all studies earliest available indexing year through 1 December 2021 using keywords corresponding injury. For data synthesis, results limited humans rodents assessing following indicators injury: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), nonalcoholic fatty disease, steatohepatitis, or steatosis. studies, at least three observational per weighted z-score determine direction significance associations. synthesized qualitatively summarize effect. Results: Our search yielded 85 24 primarily people United States. Studies focused on legacy PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. Meta-analyses revealed higher ALT levels PFOA (z-score= 6.20, p<0.001), PFOS 3.55, PFNA 2.27, p=0.023). also aspartate gamma-glutamyl transferase humans. In rodents, exposures consistently resulted Conclusion: There consistent hepatotoxicity supported by associations markers function This identifies need additional research next-generation PFAS, mixtures, early life exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10092

Language: Английский

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Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 995 - 995

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants processing aids. While several types of PFAS voluntarily phased out by manufacturers, these chemicals continue be ecological public health concern due persistence in the environment presence living organisms. Moreover, while compounds referred “legacy” remain environment, alternative emerged replacements for legacy predecessors are now detected numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss historical uses PFAS, recent advances analytical techniques analysis compounds, fate environment. addition, evaluate current biomonitoring studies human exposure emerging examine associations with impacts, including cancer- non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) ether-substituted, alternatives hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic (DONA), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic (6:2 Cl-PFESA; F-53B).

Language: Английский

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Exposure to a mixture of legacy, alternative, and replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) results in sex-dependent modulation of cholesterol metabolism and liver injury

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 106843 - 106843

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Epidemiological studies have shown Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to be associated with diseases of dysregulated lipid sterol homeostasis such as steatosis cardiometabolic disorders. However, the majority mechanistic rely on single chemical exposures instead identifying mechanisms related toxicity PFAS mixtures. The goal current study is investigate linking exposure a mixture alterations in metabolism, including increased circulating cholesterol bile acids. Male female wild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed an atherogenic diet used previous pollutant-accelerated atherosclerosis exposed water containing 5 representing legacy, replacement, alternative subtypes (i.e., PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, GenX), each at concentration 2 mg/L, for 12 weeks. Changes transcriptome metabolome level determined by RNA-seq high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. We observed cholesterol, metabolites, acids due exposure, some sexual dimorphic effects. hepatic injury, demonstrated liver weight, inflammation, plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. Females displayed lobular portal inflammation compared male PFAS-exposed mice. Hepatic transcriptomics analysis revealed modulated multiple metabolic pathways, those sterols, acids, acyl carnitines, sex-specific differences observed. Finally, we show that levels PFOA females males, but this dimorphism was not same other examined. Exposure results PFAS-mediated modulation levels, possibly through disruption enterohepatic circulation.

Language: Английский

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease

Toxicology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 465, P. 153031 - 153031

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants frequently detected in drinking water supplies worldwide that have been linked to a variety of adverse reproductive health outcomes women. Compared men, effects women generally understudied while global trends female reproduction rates declining. Many factors may contribute the observed decline reproduction, one which is contaminant exposure. PFAS used home, food storage, personal care industrial products for decades. Despite phase-out some legacy due their persistence effects, alternative, short-chain mixtures will continue pollute air adversely influence women's health. Studies shown both long- disrupt normal function through altering hormone secretion, menstrual cyclicity, fertility. Here, we summarize role tract dysfunction disease. Since these chemicals affect tissues directly or indirectly endocrine disruption, breast, thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis also discussed as interplay between be critical understanding long-term A major research gap need mechanism action data - targets systems not evident, but many. Given fecundity ability negatively impact health, further studies needed examine on target involved onset disorders

Language: Английский

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Biodegradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A review

Bioresource Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 126223 - 126223

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 436, P. 129120 - 129120

Published: May 11, 2022

The fate, effects, and treatment of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), an anthropogenic class chemicals used in industrial commercial production, are topics great interest recent research news cycles. This stems from the ubiquity PFAS global environment as well their significant toxicological effects humans wildlife. Research on toxicity, sequestration, removal, degradation has grown rapidly, leading to a flood valuable knowledge that can get swamped out perpetual rise number publications. Selected papers Journal Hazardous Materials between January 2018 May 2022 reviewed this article made available open-access publications for one year, order facilitate distribution critical surrounding PFAS. review discusses routes toxicity observed mammalian cellular models, human health exposed communities. Studies evaluate through in-silico approaches highlighted paper. Removal modified carbon sorbents, nanoparticles, anion exchange materials discussed while comparing efficiencies different classes Finally, various biotic abiotic techniques, pathways mechanisms involved provide better understanding removal cost effectiveness existing strategies.

Language: Английский

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