Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 995 - 995

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants processing aids. While several types of PFAS voluntarily phased out by manufacturers, these chemicals continue be ecological public health concern due persistence in the environment presence living organisms. Moreover, while compounds referred “legacy” remain environment, alternative emerged replacements for legacy predecessors are now detected numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss historical uses PFAS, recent advances analytical techniques analysis compounds, fate environment. addition, evaluate current biomonitoring studies human exposure emerging examine associations with impacts, including cancer- non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) ether-substituted, alternatives hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic (DONA), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic (6:2 Cl-PFESA; F-53B).

Language: Английский

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease

Toxicology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 465, P. 153031 - 153031

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants frequently detected in drinking water supplies worldwide that have been linked to a variety of adverse reproductive health outcomes women. Compared men, effects women generally understudied while global trends female reproduction rates declining. Many factors may contribute the observed decline reproduction, one which is contaminant exposure. PFAS used home, food storage, personal care industrial products for decades. Despite phase-out some legacy due their persistence effects, alternative, short-chain mixtures will continue pollute air adversely influence women's health. Studies shown both long- disrupt normal function through altering hormone secretion, menstrual cyclicity, fertility. Here, we summarize role tract dysfunction disease. Since these chemicals affect tissues directly or indirectly endocrine disruption, breast, thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis also discussed as interplay between be critical understanding long-term A major research gap need mechanism action data - targets systems not evident, but many. Given fecundity ability negatively impact health, further studies needed examine on target involved onset disorders

Language: Английский

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Health-related toxicity of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Comparison to legacy PFOS and PFOA

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 113431 - 113431

Published: May 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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A review of microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Biotransformation routes and enzymes

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 859, P. 160010 - 160010

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 115015 - 115015

Published: April 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals and breast cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(24), P. 6549 - 6576

Published: April 5, 2021

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are ubiquitous substances that found in our everyday lives, including pesticides, plasticizers, pharmaceutical agents, personal care products, and also food products packaging. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggest EDCs may affect the development or progression of breast cancer consequently lead to lifelong harmful health consequences, especially when exposure occurs during early life humans. Yet so far no appraisal available has been conducted on this topic.To systematically review all studies about association levels environmental exposures with risk.The search was performed accordance PRISMA guidelines. We retrieved articles from PubMed (MEDLINE) until 10 March 2021. The key words used research were: "Endocrine disruptor(s)" OR disrupting chemical(s)" any mentioned below AND "Breast cancer" locate relevant published. included only cohort case-control studies. All were accessed full text evaluated summarized tables.We identified 131 met criteria systematic review. reviewed herein pesticides (e.g. p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), atrazine, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD dioxin)), synthetic chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, per- polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), parabens, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), contraceptive pills), phytoestrogens genistein, resveratrol), certain mycotoxins zearalenone). Most assessed via biomarker measurements.We EDC could potentially elevate risk cancer. As majority highly persistent environment bio-accumulative, it is essential assess long-term impacts exposures, multi-generational transgenerational. Also, since often a major route EDCs, well-designed assessments potential packing necessary their link need be carefully for subsequent policy making regulations.

Language: Английский

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Global occurrence and probabilistic environmental health hazard assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater and surface waters

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 816, P. 151535 - 151535

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure, maternal metabolomic perturbation, and fetal growth in African American women: A meet-in-the-middle approach

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 106964 - 106964

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Prenatal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked reduced fetal growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims investigate biological pathways intermediate biomarkers underlying association between serum PFAS growth using high-resolution metabolomics in a cohort of pregnant African American women Atlanta area, Georgia.Serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorononanoic (PFNA) measurements untargeted profiling were conducted 313 at 8-14 weeks gestation. Multiple linear regression models applied assess associations with birth weight small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth. A workflow including metabolome-wide study, pathway enrichment analysis, chemical annotation confirmation meet-in-the-middle approach was performed characterize PFAS-fetal relationship.Each log2-unit increase PFNA concentration significantly associated higher odds SGA (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07, 1.63); similar but borderline significant found PFOA 1.20, 0.94, 1.49) SGA. Among 25,516 metabolic features extracted from samples, we successfully annotated confirmed 10 overlapping metabolites both endpoints, glycine, taurine, uric acid, ferulic 2-hexyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal, unsaturated fatty C18:1, androgenic hormone conjugate, parent bile acid-glycine conjugate. Also, identified 21 analyses. These closely related amino lipid metabolism perturbations.In this women, concentrations Perturbations involved growth, shown be potential biomarker. Our results provide opportunities for future studies develop early detection intervention PFAS-induced restriction.

Language: Английский

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Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. e08160 - e08160

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

BackgroundIncreased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS among pediatric population as new becomes available due potential fragility developing immune system.ObjectivesThis review assessed effects fetal, exposures upon development function during early life stages.MethodsResearchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 outcomes infants children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in title or abstract; non-research reports non-English papers were excluded. The identified 518 possible inclusion. Following hands-on 34 determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies.ResultsMajor immune-related sequelae from child documented recent include:• Strong indication immunosuppression, with diminished antibody response vaccination, particularly PFOA, PFOS PFHxS exposures.• Some increased risks infectious diseases/infections, Limited an effect allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies.• atopic dermatitis (AD).• asthma lung function.ConclusionThis summarizes findings health. Evidence vaccine efficacy, risk infections, allergies, AD described following utero, infant, exposures. Further investigation warranted characterize pathways modes action relation system. Incontrovertible proof immunotoxic could optimally be obtained by large prospective study cohort mothers children infancy school-age. Regular assessments circulating antibodies vaccines growth years prove invaluable.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 108033 - 108033

Published: June 17, 2023

Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at point-of-use. per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are national concern, however, there limited information on PFAS residential tapwater point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted reconnaissance compare human unregulated private-well regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across US was collected during 2016-2021 including three where temporal sampling conducted. Concentrations of were assessed by laboratories compared with land-use potential-source metrics explore drivers contamination. The number individual observed ranged 1 9 (median: 2) corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum detected PFAS) ranging 0.348 346 ng/L. Seventeen least once PFBS, PFHxS PFOA most frequently approximately 15% samples. Across US, profiles estimated median similar among private wells estimate that one could be about 45% drinking-water These detection probabilities varied spatially variation concentrations/numbers detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated exposure risk dominated PFOS, when Potential source related concentrations, detected; relations specific likely due low frequencies higher limits. Information generated supports for further assessments risks as class combination other co-occurring contaminants, particularly unmonitored private-wells or not available.

Language: Английский

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