Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
80(2), P. 465 - 485
Published: March 3, 2023
Cirrhosis
is
characterized
by
inflammation,
degeneration,
and
fibrosis
of
liver
tissue.
Along
with
being
the
most
common
cause
failure
transplant,
cirrhosis
a
significant
risk
factor
for
several
neuropsychiatric
conditions.
The
these
HE,
which
cognitive
ataxic
symptoms,
resulting
from
buildup
metabolic
toxins
failure.
However,
patients
also
show
significantly
increased
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer
Parkinson
diseases,
mood
disorders
anxiety
depression.
In
recent
years,
more
attention
has
been
played
to
communication
between
ways
gut
communicate
each
other
central
nervous
system,
way
organs
influence
other’s
function.
This
bidirectional
come
be
known
gut-liver-brain
axis.
microbiome
emerged
key
mechanism
affecting
gut-liver,
gut-brain,
brain-liver
communication.
Clinical
studies
animal
models
have
demonstrated
patterns
dysbiosis
when
present,
both
or
without
concomitant
alcohol
use
disorder,
provided
compelling
evidence
that
this
influences
mood-related
behaviors.
review,
we
summarized
pathophysiological
effects
associated
cirrhosis,
links
cirrhosis-associated
disruption
microbiome,
current
clinical
preclinical
modulation
treatment
Journal of Hepatology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
75, P. S67 - S81
Published: May 23, 2021
Cirrhosis
-
the
common
end-stage
of
chronic
liver
disease
is
associated
with
a
cascade
events,
which
intestinal
bacterial
overgrowth
and
dysbiosis
are
central.
Bacterial
toxins
entering
portal
or
systemic
circulation
can
directly
cause
hepatocyte
death,
while
also
affects
gut
barrier
function
increases
translocation,
leading
to
infections,
inflammation
vasodilation,
contribute
acute
decompensation
organ
failure.
Acute
its
severe
forms,
pre-acute-on-chronic
failure
(ACLF)
ACLF,
characterised
by
sudden
dysfunction
(and
failure)
high
short-term
mortality.
Patients
pre-ACLF
ACLF
present
high-grade
inflammation,
usually
precipitated
proven
infection
and/or
alcoholic
hepatitis.
However,
no
precipitant
identified
in
30%
these
patients,
whom
translocation
from
microbiota
assumed
be
responsible
for
decompensation.
Different
profiles
may
influence
rate
thereby
outcome
patients.
Thus,
targeting
promising
strategy
prevention
treatment
decompensation,
ACLF.
Approaches
include
use
antibiotics
such
as
rifaximin,
faecal
microbial
transplantation
enterosorbents
(e.g.
Yaq-001),
bind
factors
without
exerting
direct
effect
on
growth
kinetics.
This
review
focuses
role
strategies
prevent
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 73 - 91
Published: Dec. 2, 2020
Abstract
Alcoholic
liver
disease
(ALD)
and
nonalcoholic
fatty
(NAFLD)
are
the
two
major
types
of
chronic
worldwide.
Inflammatory
processes
play
key
roles
in
pathogeneses
diseases,
continuous
inflammation
promotes
progression
alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(ASH)
(NASH).
Although
both
ALD
NAFLD
closely
related
to
inflammation,
their
respective
developmental
mechanisms
differ
some
extent.
Here,
we
review
multiple
immunological
therapeutic
targets
associated
with
diseases
differences
ASH
NASH.
Multiple
cell
liver,
including
macrophages,
neutrophils,
other
immune
hepatocytes,
involved
inflammation.
In
addition,
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
complement
also
contribute
inflammatory
process,
as
does
intertissue
crosstalk
between
intestine,
adipose
tissue,
nervous
system.
We
point
out
that
plays
important
promoting
repair
controlling
bacterial
infections.
Understanding
complex
regulatory
process
disrupted
homeostasis
during
development
may
lead
improved
targeted
intervention
strategies.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(14), P. 4119 - 4119
Published: July 15, 2022
The
human
body
is
home
to
a
variety
of
micro-organisms.
Most
these
microbial
communities
reside
in
the
gut
and
are
referred
as
microbiota.
Over
last
decades,
compelling
evidence
showed
that
number
pathologies
associated
with
microbiota
dysbiosis,
thereby
suggesting
reinstatement
physiological
microflora
balance
composition
might
ameliorate
clinical
symptoms.
Among
possible
microbiota-targeted
interventions,
pre/pro-biotics
supplementations
were
shown
provide
effective
results,
but
main
limitation
remains
limited
species
available
probiotics.
Differently,
fecal
transplantation
involves
solution
matter
from
donor
into
intestinal
tract
recipient
order
directly
change
recipient’s
aiming
confer
health
benefit.
Firstly
used
4th
century
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
nowadays,
it
has
been
exploited
so
far
treat
recurrent
Clostridioides
difficile
infections,
accumulating
data
coming
trials
clearly
indicate
may
also
carry
therapeutic
potential
for
other
conditions
ranging
gastrointestinal
liver
diseases,
cancer
inflammatory,
infectious,
autoimmune
diseases
brain
disorders,
obesity,
metabolic
syndrome.
In
this
review,
we
will
summarize
commonly
preparation
delivery
methods,
comprehensively
review
obtained
different
discuss
variability
results
pivotal
importance
selection.
final
aim
stimulate
discussion
open
new
perspectives
among
experts
use
not
only
infection
one
first
strategies
be
conditions.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(2)
Published: May 8, 2024
SUMMARYGiven
the
importance
of
gut
microbial
homeostasis
in
maintaining
health,
there
has
been
considerable
interest
developing
innovative
therapeutic
strategies
for
restoring
microbiota.
One
such
approach,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT),
is
main
"whole
microbiome
replacement"
strategy
and
integrated
into
clinical
practice
guidelines
treating
recurrent
