The WHO has declared the end of pandemic phase of COVID‐19: Way to come back in the normal life

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant global mortality and morbidity affecting millions of lives. As healthcare authorities worldwide are still paying substantial attention to COVID-19, other diseases continue cause more deaths than COVID-19. decreasing number COVID-19 cases indicates that the is close end. For effective management, facilities have established units testing facilities, instituting infection prevention control measures, employing telehealth services. Healthcare professionals identified some promising treatments for COVID-19; also, mass vaccinations improved patient outcomes. Instead as a pandemic, it time pay lessen their impact on public health. Therefore, World Health Organization (WHO) declared end phase considering current situation our preparedness, past experience, long social economic life May 5, 2023. In this article, we briefly discussed present challenges due necessary precautions, future directions return before

Language: Английский

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Omicron variant evolution on vaccines and monoclonal antibodies

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 1779 - 1788

Published: May 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Insight into SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant immune escape possibility and variant independent potential therapeutic opportunities

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. e13285 - e13285

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The Omicron, the latest variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in November 2021 Botswana, South Africa. Compared to other variants SARS-CoV-2, Omicron is most highly mutated, with 50 mutations throughout genome, which are spike (S) protein. These may help evade host immunity against vaccine. Epidemiological studies suggest that infectious and spreads rapidly, but causes significantly less disease than wild‐type strain SARS-CoV-2. With increased transmissibility a higher rate re-infection, has now become dominant worldwide predicted be able vaccine-induced immunity. Several clinical using plasma samples from individuals receiving two doses US Food Drugs Administration (FDA)-approved COVID-19 vaccines have shown reduced humoral immune response infection, T cell-mediated well preserved. In fact, protects disease, thus caused by remains mild. this review, I surveyed current status mechanisms context escape vaccines. also discuss potential implications therapeutic opportunities independent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron. A better understanding responses variant-independent interventions include potent antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cytokine activities pave way reducing Omicron-related complications, severity, mortality. Collectively, these insights point research gaps will aid development new-generation antiviral drugs combat its sublineages, or upcoming new

Language: Английский

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Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for newly detected SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BF.7 subvariant: A brief report

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are always going on. The pathogenic characteristics a virus influenced by mutations in viral genome. Therefore, recently identified Omicron BF.7 subvariant might harm humans. Here we aimed to evaluate potential risks this newly detected variant and identify possible mitigation strategies. frequent mutation associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 makes it more concerning compared other viruses. has unique changes structural amino acid. Thus, subvariants different from variants terms spread, disease severity, vaccine neutralization capacity, immunity evade. Moreover, is an offspring BA.4 BA.5. Similar S glycoprotein sequences present among BF.7, BA.4, There change R346T gene receptor binding site than subvariants. This created limitation current monoclonal antibody therapy. mutated since emerged, improving transmission as well evasion. healthcare authorities should pay attention Omicron. recent upsurge may create havoc all sudden. Scientists researchers across world monitor nature variants. Also, they find ways fight circulatory any future mutations.

Language: Английский

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Increasing reinfections and decreasing effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines urge the need for vaccine customization

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 84

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

1. Background The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic began in late December 2019 the Hubei province of Wuhan, China, and WHO labeled it a pandemic scenario 2020 [1], eventually naming disease caused by this virus COVID-19 [2]. According to WHO, more than 611 million individuals have been infected with virus, 6.5 died as result illness [3], count continuing. Moreover, ongoing associated responses tremendously impacted health economy across world [4]. Therefore, researchers recommended evidence-based management from very early phase [5]. 73rd World Health Assembly approved resolution May acknowledging significance widespread vaccination worldwide public-health aim for preventing ending SARS-CoV-2 transmission [6]. Numerous vaccinations previously created used preventative reasons, several are works, however, effectiveness adverse effects currently being studied. Scientists developed vaccines preventive measures, many preclinical development clinical phases [7]. recent statistics, 23% research require single dosage, whereas 57% two three doses achieve an effective antibody level function against As September 21, 2022, at least out every four persons (>72%) high-income countries one people (>23%) low-income had received dosage [8]. 2. Reinfection existing Although immunization is regarded be best line action among all essential interventions prevent or combat COVID-19. data, 11 There debates over efficacy various vaccine types on variations places. Dr. Eli colleagues revealed that during outbreak delta variation SARS-CoV-2, such BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, Ad26.COV2.S were observed lower efficiency vaccinated [9]. Besides, these found infection III trials, 70.4% ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222; Oxford-AstraZeneca) [10], 95% BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) [11], 94.1% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) [12], 50.7% inactivated (CoronaVac) [13]. Thirteen-month Swedish (BNT162b2, AZD1222) prolonged after second dosage. However, following omicron outbreak, vaccine's potency wane [14]. Furthermore, group Canadian fourth was type third dose [15]. It has shown even manufacturing antibodies, healed may remain viral carriers length time [16]. result, most serious issues reactivation reinfection. Several studies treated nevertheless risk reinfection [17–23]. investigations determined occurs vaccination, if odds extremely low [24] because emergence new [9], suggesting danger not eliminated. During Iceland, intriguing linked slightly greater compared 1 fewer [25]. numerous (B.1.617.2) Wuhan (B.1) alpha (B.1.1.7) variants [26]. Another Massachusetts town 74% 469 patients, predominantly strain, completely [27]. 3. Challenges opportunities fighting ugliest challenge protective measures now right protection frequent mutations time. mutated often within short To date, (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), (P.1), gamma (B.1.617.2), (B.1.1.529) which between 2021 [28]. speed mutation too fast mostly unpredictable. already-developed only way prevention although they showing high strains. reports also globally we mentioned some previous section. Rahman et al. reported normally developing genetically different coronavirus Treatment strategies using antiviral drugs another big challenge. show severity hospitalization, side frequently same time, cannot demanded eradicate infection. Matrajt al., therapies can become strategic weapon that, when combined immunization, considerably reduce hospitalizations fatalities while assisting [29]. no concrete trial data regarding treatment strategy. Despite worst-case scenario, taught us lot about healthcare administration emergency response tactics. Vaccine typically begins fundamental research, followed trials phases, finally post-approval observational safety surveillance phase. entire procedure might take up ten years [30]. Because importance rapid spread COVID-19, should accelerated, but ideally without skipping any critical processes human [31]. areas, races, age groups conducted properly complex steps probably due tackling situation worldwide. could gather knowledge protect ourselves infectious diseases. Nevertheless, awareness increased. People treatments well other problems lessons learned, still unable demand produced fully successful eradicating virus. 4. Urgent need customization Vaccines prophylactic measure [32]. A 100% effective, provides lifetime protection, lethal effects, reasonably priced, widely available ideal desirable candidate high-quality yet We see varied ethnicities ages. none immunizations long-term consequences; suggested practically categories. Again, forms availability places inadequate. Until now, there quality usefulness vaccinations. extensive investigate decrease negative consequences vaccines. Not huge worry days, problem. again receiving immunizations, severe particular patient groups. likely causes worrying issue include patient's immunity and/or physiological state, virus's genetic mutations. entirely capable providing extraordinary viruses, technology ideas detect probable genome create appropriately pressing requirement. accomplished optimizing non-coding sequence vaccines, adding adjuvant, standard nucleotide optimize nucleic acid-based increased effectiveness, T-cell-based longer minimizing eliminating reactions. helpless whole care sector pointing eyes science striking discover health-friendly, economic burden-free provide beautiful risk-free healthy life. 5. Conclusion summarize, requirement saving humanity given current adequate evaluation synergistic medicine timely issue. learn circumstance how manage load. newly personalized optimized must made soon possible. Otherwise, re-developed will defend planet its terrible claw owing spreading nature Ethical approval applicable. Sources funding No required study. Author contribution Syed Masudur Dewan: Conceived idea, performed collection, writing initial draft manuscript. Md. Rabiul Islam: revised edited manuscript, supervised work. Registration Name registry: applicable Unique Identifying number registration ID: Hyperlink your specific (must publicly accessible checked): Guarantor Department Pharmacy, University Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. Consent required. Provenance peer review commissioned, externally reviewed. Conflicts interest conflict declared.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 199520 - 199520

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chimeric receptor-binding domain vaccine design and sequential immunization enhanced broadly neutralizing antibody responses against COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Introduction Vaccines developed using modified messenger RNA (mRNA) technology show robust efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans. However, viral evolution human and non-human hosts may compromise vaccine performance due to the emergence of new variants with strong immune-escape abilities. Therefore, a disease 2019 (COVID-19) that induces high levels broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) responds quickly mutations is urgently required. Methods Here, we designed bivalent mRNA vaccine, RBDco, based on variant concern (VOC) spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) chimeric from different lineages fused Fc fragments. Results In mice primates, RBDco effectively induced several pseudoviruses, including possible epidemic XBB.1, XBB.1.9.1, EA.1 pseudoviruses. mice, bnAbs 11 SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses lineages. The antibody titers prototype D614G XBB.1.16 were 19666 13274, respectively. secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ) under stimulation RBD proteins variants. mouse challenge model, treatment led 10-fold reduction load lungs after challenge. These results suggest can induce bnAb response cellular immune animals, thereby preventing occurrence COVID-19. Furthermore, sequential immunization showed an improved titer RBDco-boosted groups relative inactivated group. Enhanced differentiation memory T cells was observed Discussion Overall, animals via RBDs VOC candidate for rapid mutations.

Language: Английский

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The recent outbreaks of Marburg virus disease in African countries are indicating potential threat to the global public health: Future prediction from historical data

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Marburg virus disease (MVD) caused by the has a high mortality rate. Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats act as natural reservoir host of virus. But it can also potentially be transmitted from person to through direct contact with body secretions. The recent outbreaks have already killed seven people out nine confirmed cases in Equatorial Guinea and five patients eight Tanzania. In past, Ghana reported three MVD two associated deaths 2022. Specific treatments or vaccines are unavailable for MVD, supportive care is primary treatment option. history current scenario show its potential become an emerging threat global public health. Tanzania fatality absence effective raises concerns about cause widespread harm. Besides, capacity human-to-human transmission cross country's border could result multicountry outbreak. Therefore, we recommend intensive surveillance preventative measures, early detection limit spread prevent another pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Development of multiplex allele-specific RT-qPCR assays for differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 genome surveillance: A geographical landscape and mutational mapping of SARS-CoV-2 variants in central India over two years

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 199365 - 199365

Published: March 29, 2024

Reading the viral genome through whole sequencing (WGS) enables detection of changes in genome. The rapid SARS-CoV-2 may cause immune escape leading to an increase pathogenicity or infectivity. Monitoring mutations genomic surveillance helps understand amino acid resulting from mutation. These changes, especially spike glycoprotein, have implications on virus by rendering it immune-escape. region Vidarbha Maharashtra represents 31.6 % state's total area. It holds 21.3 population. In total, 7457 positive samples belonging 16 Indian States were included study, out which 3002 passed quality control criteria. metadata study was sourced Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP). sequenced samples, including FASTA sequence, submitted Global Initiative Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) and biological data centre (IBDC). This identified 104 different pango-lineages classified into 19 clades. We also analysed mutation profiles variants found showed eight interest, L18F, K417N, K417T, L452R, S477N, N501Y, P681H, P681R, concern E484K glycoprotein region. November 2020 December 2022, making this most comprehensive conducted for

Language: Английский

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