Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

HemaSphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Iron is an essential nutrient and a constituent of ferroproteins enzymes crucial for human life. Generally, nonmenstruating individuals preserve iron very efficiently, losing less than 0.1% their body content each day, amount that replaced through dietary absorption. Most the in hemoglobin (Hb) red blood cells (RBCs); thus, loss most common cause acute depletion anemia worldwide, reduced synthesis are consequences low plasma concentrations. The term deficiency (ID) refers to reduction total stores due impaired nutrition, absorption secondary gastrointestinal conditions, increased loss, needs as pregnancy. (IDA) defined Hb or hematocrit associated with microcytic hypochromic erythrocytes RBC count deficiency. IDA commonly affects women reproductive age, developing fetus, children, patients chronic inflammatory diseases, elderly. frequent hematological disorder incidence industrialized countries 20.1% between 0 4 years age 5.9% 5 14 (39% 48.1% countries). diagnosis, management, treatment ID change depending on gender during We herein summarize what known about treatment, prevention formulate specific set recommendations this topic.

Language: Английский

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Contemporary evaluation of women and girls with abnormal uterine bleeding: FIGO Systems 1 and 2

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162(S2), P. 29 - 42

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common, often debilitating, and may affect over 50% of reproductive‐aged women girls. Whereas AUB a collection symptoms that include intermenstrual abnormalities in period duration, cycle length, regularity, it heavy menstrual (HMB) most contributory to iron deficiency related anemia. It apparent AUB, general, HMB, particular, remain underrecognized underreported. FIGO created two systems for assessing classifying AUB. System 1 defines the pattern using four primary descriptors: frequency, flow volume. 2 provides structured classification system possible causes acronym PALM‐COEIN. “PALM” refers structural (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy), “COEI” nonstructural (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic). The “N” reserved those entities are currently not otherwise classified. Using as gateway streamlines investigation girls with Understanding pathogenesis “PALM‐COEIN” helps interpret investigations onward management Numerous evidence gaps exist concerning AUB; however, if researchers trialists universally adopt Systems assessment diagnosis clear translatable research findings can be applied globally.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and girls of reproductive age: Clinical opinion

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162(S2), P. 68 - 77

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract Iron deficiency (ID) is the world's most common disorder and one of top five causes years lived with disability. Whereas low serum ferritin diagnostic ID, ferritin—an acute phase reactant—may be elevated in inflammatory states first trimester pregnancy even if ID exists. Consequently, early or chronic inflammation, percent transferrin saturation (TSAT) measurement best indicator iron status. Unfortunately, current guidelines do not recommend routine screening for either pregnant nonpregnant women absence anemia. This circumstance should urgently reviewed based on available data. While oral formulations have long been standard replacement therapy are widely inexpensive, frequently associated adverse gastrointestinal effects majority—a major reason poor adherence, inadequate repletion, persisting symptoms sequellae. Although safe intravenous administration was introduced mid‐1950s, cores binding elemental more tightly became 2000s, allowing complete replacement, a single setting. Prospectively acquired neonatology evidence reports iron's failure to reach developing fetus when mother deficient. while remains frontline because insufficient safety data iron, author recommends that route gold second‐trimester hemoglobin concentrations less than 10.5 g/dL all iron‐deficient their third trimester.

Language: Английский

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Intrauterine adhesion

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 312 - 319

Published: May 1, 2024

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) occurred in the reproductive-age women are a big economic and health problem, resulting severe impairment of social, psychological physical function female genital organs. IUA-related symptoms or signs varied greatly from free ambiguous (an incidental finding during intervention) to ceased menstruation loss fecundability. The underlying pathophysiology is not completely understood, but intrauterine damage with broken basal layers endometrium formatting scar tissues fibrosis subsequently causing partial complete occlusion uterine cavity may be well-accepted hypothesis. Previously, infection most common cause develop IUA, now, surgery critical contributing majority cases IUA. In current review, update information about etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, sequelae prevention IUA will renewed. We emphasize importance awareness primary should considered routine clinical practice if has been applied, based on uncertainty ideal treatment for established unpredictable outcomes after treatment. So far, evidence supports that hyaluronic acid with/without other strategy valuable effective method reduce formation re-formation as well achieve best fertility outcome.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic options for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162(S2), P. 43 - 57

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Lifecycle Approach to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring thermal balloon endometrial ablation with Foley’s catheter: Management for heavy menstrual bleeding

SAGE Open Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common gynecological issue that often requires prompt treatment. Our study aimed to assess thermal balloon endometrial ablation with Foley’s catheter as viable, cost-effective, and minimally invasive procedure alternative hysterectomy. Methods: An experimental was carried out on 114 married women experiencing heavy who did not wish have further children had either failed standard treatments or were suitable for medical These uterine size of 12 cm less an thickness than 18 mm. A 3-min inflation–deflation performed. After 3 months, the effectiveness treatment assessed by examining overall outcomes, posttreatment transvaginal ultrasound results, number days pain per cycle, scores from Menorrhagia Outcome Questionnaire. Results: The mean patient’s age 44.46 ± 4.184 years disease duration 2.84 1.53 years. Most patients multiparous (86.0%) grand (14.0%). Significant improvements observed in thickness, Questionnaire scores, levels, postprocedure ( p-value < 0.05). majority experienced reduction pattern irregular cycles. showed success rate 88.6%, 11.4% responding. Some interventions such hysterectomy repeated required due complications like infection deflation. Conclusion: using effective bleeding.

Language: Английский

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High prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with nonstructural abnormal uterine bleeding and benefits of antimicrobial treatment on blood loss pattern: A prospective, observational study

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Expected treatment for endometrial polyp

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 1 - 3

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Breaking Boundaries in Diagnosis: Non-Invasive Anemia Detection Empowered by AI

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 9292 - 9307

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This article evolved because several instances of anemia are still discovered too late, especially in communities with limited medical resources and access to laboratory tests. Invasive diagnostic technologies expensive expenses additional impediments early diagnosis. To detect anemia, an effective, accurate, non-invasive method is required. In this study, the conjunctival image eye analyzed as a detecting anemia. Various model approaches were tested endeavor categorize anemic healthy patients accurately possible. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm-integrated MobileNetV2 was determined be most effective plan. With combination, accuracy 93%, sensitivity 91%, specificity 94%. These findings show that can successfully identify while identifying patients. offers means on, making it promising for use clinical settings. SVM+MobileNetV2 technique relies on images conjunctiva has potential improve healthcare by people who may have had earlier. stands out solid option efficient precise diagnosis when accuracy, sensitivity, balanced.

Language: Английский

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