Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co‐isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this time‐consuming requires large sample volumes, often feasible in most clinical studies or where small volumes available. Therefore, we compared rendered by five commonly used based on different principles from conditioned cell medium 250 μl 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size‐exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), phosphatidylserine (MagCapture). were characterised electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, LC‐MS/MS. The yielded samples morphology, particle size, proteomic profile. For the medium, Izon 35 isolated highest number proteins followed exoEasy, which also fewer non‐EV proteins. plasma samples, exoEasy high proteins, while 70 We conclude no method perfect for all studies, rather, suited depending type interest subtype, addition to volume budget.

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 6548 - 6575

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and a promising drug delivery platform.They involved nearly all physiological pathological processes disease diagnosis therapy.However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications.To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield purity, will certainly facilitate future study application.This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used cutting-edge technologies isolation makes deep comparison analysis different methods, including advantages, limitations applications.Pending questions about the inherent property these well strategies discussed.Additionally, an overview applications treatment, some on-going trials, also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 13, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that released from cells into the surrounding environment. These can be categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles, and they play an essential role in intercellular communication. attracting significant clinical interest offer potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, therapeutic intervention. To fully understand regulation of communication through EVs, it is to investigate underlying mechanisms. This review aims provide a summary current knowledge on communications involved EV targeting, binding, uptake, well factors influence these interactions. include properties cellular environment, recipient cell. As field EV-related continues expand techniques improve, we expect uncover more information about this complex area, despite limitations our knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Circulating tumor nucleic acids: biology, release mechanisms, and clinical relevance

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Despite advances in early detection and therapies, cancer is still one of the most common causes death worldwide. Since each tumor unique, there a need to implement personalized care develop robust tools for monitoring treatment response assess drug efficacy prevent disease relapse.

Language: Английский

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In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Previously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We understand about their capacity transfer nucleic acids proteins between distant organs, interaction of surface with target cells, role vesicle-bound lipids in health disease. To date, most observations have been made reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population produced vivo likely act concert both beneficial detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles pathogenesis diseases, cancer neurodegenerative disease, well maintenance system organ homeostasis. This two-part review draws on expertise researchers working field EV biology aims cover functional physiology pathology. Part I will outline normal physiology.

Language: Английский

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An Update on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Where Challenge Meets Opportunity

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(20)

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract Over the last decade, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted increasing attention in field of regenerative medicine. ADSCs appear to be most advantageous cell type for therapies owing their easy accessibility, multipotency, and active paracrine activity. This review highlights current challenges translating ADSC‐based into clinical settings discusses novel strategies overcome limitations ADSCs. To further establish as an emerging platform medicine, this also provides update on advancements field, including fat grafting, wound healing, bone regeneration, skeletal muscle repair, tendon reconstruction, cartilage cardiac nerve regeneration. are expected more tissue‐specific increasingly important

Language: Английский

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Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 24, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are with a lipid bilayer membrane on the outside, which widely found in various body fluids and contain biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids proteins inside. EVs were once thought to be for removal of waste materials, but now known involved variety pathophysiological processes many diseases. This study examines advantage challenges associated their application. A more rational use advantageous properties composition specificity, specific targeting, circulatory stability, active penetration barriers, high efficient drug delivery vehicles anticancer vaccines, oxidative phosphorylation activity enzymatic activity, resolution shortcomings isolation purification methods, storage conditions pharmacokinetics biodistribution patterns during will facilitate clinical application EVs.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle analysis

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Recent advances of small extracellular vesicle biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Abstract Current clinical tools for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis are insufficient but liquid biopsy of different bodily fluids has recently emerged as a minimally invasive strategy that provides real-time snapshot tumour biomarkers early diagnosis, active surveillance progression, and post-treatment recurrence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) nano-sized membranous structures 50–1000 nm in diameter released by cells into biological fluids. EVs contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids which play pivotal roles tumourigenesis metastasis through cell-to-cell communication. Proteins miRNAs from small (sEV), range size 50–150 nm, being investigated potential source novel BC using mass spectrometry-based proteomics next-generation sequencing. This review covers recent developments sEV isolation single analysis technologies summarises the protein miRNA identified prognosis, chemoresistance. The limitations current biomarker research discussed along with future perspective applications.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity and Its Impact for Regenerative Medicine Applications

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 1043 - 1061

Published: June 6, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane enclosed particles that involved in physiological and pathological processes. EVs increasingly being studied for therapeutic applications the field of regenerative medicine. Therapeutic application stem has shown great potential to stimulate tissue repair. However, exact mechanisms through which they induce this effect not been fully clarified. This may a large extent be attributed lack knowledge on EV heterogeneity. Recent studies suggest represent heterogeneous population with distinct functions. The heterogeneity can differences their biogenesis, as such, classified into populations then further subcategorized various subpopulations. A better understanding is crucial elucidating action regeneration. review provides an overview latest insights related repair, including different characteristics contribute such heterogeneity, well functional among subtypes. It also sheds light challenges hinder clinical translation EVs. Additionally, innovative isolation techniques studying discussed. Improved active subtypes would promote development tailored therapies aid researchers EV-based therapeutics clinic. Significance Statement Within we discuss properties subpopulations, implications therapeutics. We aim provide new aspects leading preparations, stress importance applications.

Language: Английский

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