Applied Materials Today,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40, P. 102395 - 102395
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
The
prevalence
of
cancer
on
a
global
scale
has
necessitated
the
development
various
therapeutic
approaches.
However,
effectiveness
and
safety
existing
methods
often
face
some
limitations.
Nanotechnology
emerged
as
solution,
enabling
design
nanosystems
that
can
effectively
deliver
drugs.
These
address
challenges
such
low
drug
stability
solubility,
well
lack
tumor
targetability.
While
nanomaterials
offer
advantages,
certain
nanoparticles
have
their
own
limitations,
which
prompted
researchers
to
explore
innovative
delivery
systems.
One
promising
avenue
is
use
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
are
natural
secreted
by
cells.
EVs
possess
biocompatibility,
stability,
targeting
capabilities,
making
them
ideal
candidates
for
carriers.
still
remain
in
this
field.
include
limited
production
yield,
complexity,
inefficient
cargo
loading,
controlled
release
To
overcome
these
challenges,
been
employing
engineering
techniques
modify
structures
EVs,
enhancing
intrinsic
properties.
Surface
modification
hybrid
systems
combine
with
other
shown
potential
addressing
This
review
focuses
landscape
crucial
role
therapeutics
diagnosis.
It
begins
exploring
biological
functions
properties
EVs.
Additionally,
introduces
strategies
isolating
shedding
light
methodologies
used
harvest
minute
entities.
Finally,
highlights
biomedical
applications
bioengineering
treatment.
Materials Today Bio,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18, P. 100522 - 100522
Published: Dec. 21, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
collective
term
for
nanoscale
or
microscale
secreted
by
cells
that
play
important
biological
roles.
Mesenchymal
stem
class
of
with
the
potential
self-healing
and
multidirectional
differentiation.
In
recent
years,
numerous
studies
have
shown
EVs,
especially
those
mesenchymal
cells,
can
promote
repair
regeneration
various
tissues
and,
thus,
significant
in
regenerative
medicine.
However,
due
to
rapid
clearance
capacity
circulatory
system,
EVs
barely
able
act
persistently
at
specific
sites
target
tissues.
Hydrogels
good
biocompatibility
loose
porous
structural
properties
allow
them
serve
as
EV
carriers,
thereby
prolonging
retention
certain
areas
slowing
release
EVs.
When
needed
function
sites,
EV-loaded
hydrogels
stand
an
excellent
approach.
this
review,
we
first
introduce
sources,
roles,
extraction
characterization
methods
describe
their
current
application
status.
We
then
review
different
types
discuss
factors
influencing
abilities
carry
summarize
several
strategies
loading
into
characterizing
hydrogels.
Furthermore,
applications
tissue
repair.
This
article
concludes
summary
state
research
on
outlook
future
directions,
which
hope
will
provide
promising
ideas
researchers.
Biomaterials Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
27(1)
Published: Jan. 3, 2023
Plastic
surgery
is
a
discipline
that
uses
surgical
methods
or
tissue
transplantation
to
repair,
reconstruct
and
beautify
the
defects
deformities
of
human
tissues
organs.
Three-dimensional
(3D)
bioprinting
has
gained
widespread
attention
because
it
enables
fine
customization
implants
in
patient's
area
preoperatively
while
avoiding
some
adverse
reactions
complications
traditional
approaches.
In
this
paper,
we
review
recent
research
advances
application
3D
plastic
surgery.
We
first
introduce
printing
process
basic
principles
technology,
revealing
advantages
disadvantages
different
technologies.
Then,
describe
currently
available
materials,
dissect
rationale
for
special
dynamic
(4D
bioprinting)
achieved
by
varying
combination
strategy
materials.
Later,
focus
on
viable
clinical
applications
effects
Finally,
summarize
discuss
challenges
prospects
believe
can
contribute
further
development
provide
lessons
related
research.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
Ovarian
cancer
is
a
malignant
tumor
of
the
female
reproductive
system,
with
very
poor
prognosis
and
high
mortality
rates.
Chemotherapy
radiotherapy
are
most
common
treatments
for
ovarian
cancer,
unsatisfactory
results.
Exosomes
subpopulation
extracellular
vesicles,
which
have
diameter
approximately
30–100
nm
secreted
by
many
different
types
cells
in
various
body
fluids.
highly
stable
effective
carriers
immunotherapeutic
drugs.
Recent
studies
shown
that
exosomes
involved
cellular
responses
microenvironment,
influencing
development
therapeutic
efficacy
exhibiting
dual
roles
inhibiting
promoting
development.
also
contain
variety
genes
related
to
immunotherapy
could
be
potential
biomarkers
diagnosis
prognosis.
Undoubtedly,
great
field
immunotherapy.
However,
translation
this
idea
clinic
has
not
occurred.
Therefore,
it
important
understand
how
used
regulate
progression.
In
review,
we
summarize
fluids
mechanisms
influence
response.
We
discuss
prospects
clinical
application
exosome-based
cancer.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 6210 - 6210
Published: June 5, 2024
Pathogenic
bacteria
have
several
mechanisms
to
evade
the
host’s
immune
response
and
achieve
an
efficient
infection.
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
a
relevant
cellular
communication
mechanism,
since
they
can
interact
with
other
bacterial
cells
host
cells.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
EVs
produced
by
some
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
priority
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
pathogenic
bacteria;
spore-producing
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(a
complex
cell
wall);
Treponema
pallidum
without
lipopolysaccharide).
We
describe
classification
general
properties
of
EVs,
their
role
during
infections
effects
response.
contain
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
that
activate
innate
receptors,
which
leads
cytokine
production
inflammation,
but
also
antigens
induce
activation
B
T
responses.
Understanding
many
yield
new
insights
pathogenesis
clinically
important
infections,
it
lead
development
EV-based
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies.
addition,
activators
both
adaptive
responses,
constitute
promising
platform
for
vaccine
development.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: May 20, 2024
Abstract
Background
and
aims
Osteoarthritis
(OA)
is
a
prevalent
degenerative
joint
disorder,
marked
by
the
progressive
degeneration
of
cartilage,
synovial
inflammation,
subchondral
bone
hyperplasia.
The
tissue
plays
pivotal
role
in
cartilage
regulation.
Exosomes
(EXOs),
small
membrane-bound
vesicles
released
cells
into
extracellular
space,
are
crucial
mediating
intercellular
communication
facilitating
exchange
information
between
tissues.
Our
study
aimed
to
devise
hydrogel
microsphere
infused
with
SOD3-enriched
exosomes
(S-EXOs)
protect
introduce
novel,
effective
approach
for
OA
treatment.
Materials
methods
We
analyzed
single-cell
sequencing
data
from
4247
obtained
GEO
database.
Techniques
such
as
PCR,
Western
Blot,
immunofluorescence
(IF),
assays
measure
oxidative
stress
levels
were
employed
validate
cartilage-protective
properties
identified
key
protein,
SOD3.
In
vivo,
mice
received
intra-articular
injections
S-EXOs
bearing
microspheres,
effectiveness
was
assessed
using
safranine
O
(S.O)
staining
IF.
Results
Single-cell
analysis
suggested
that
synovium
influences
via
exocrine
release
findings
revealed
purified
enhanced
antioxidant
capacity
chondrocytes,
maintained
matrix
metabolism
stability.
S-EXO
group
showed
significant
reduction
mitoROS
ROS
164.2%
(
P
<
0.0001)
142.7%
0.0001),
respectively,
compared
IL-1β
group.
Furthermore,
exhibited
increased
COL
II
ACAN
levels,
increments
2.1-fold
3.1-fold
over
Additionally,
decrease
MMP13
ADAMTS5
protein
expression
42.3%
44.4%
respectively.
It
found
S-EXO-containing
microspheres
could
effectively
deliver
SOD3
significantly
mitigate
progression.
OARSI
score
markedly
decreased
Conclusion
demonstrated
secreted
fibroblasts
exert
protective
effect
on
laden
offer
promising
therapeutic
alternative
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 36 - 36
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nanoparticle-sized
secreted
by
nearly
all
cell
types
under
normal
physiological
conditions.
In
toxicological
research,
EVs
have
emerged
as
a
crucial
link
between
public
health
and
multi-omics
approaches,
offering
insights
into
cellular
responses
to
disease-causing
injury
agents
such
environmental
biological
toxins,
contaminants,
drugs.
Notably,
present
unique
opportunity
deepen
our
understanding
of
the
pathophysiology
envenomation
natural
toxins.
Recent
advancements
in
isolating
purifying
EV
cargo,
mass
spectrometry
techniques,
bioinformatics
positioned
potential
biomarkers
that
could
elucidate
signaling
pathways
provide
valuable
information
on
relationship
venomous
their
mechanisms
action,
effectiveness
antivenoms.
Additionally,
hold
promise
proxies
for
various
aspects
envenomation,
including
toxin
dosage,
characterization,
progression,
prognosis
during
therapeutic
interventions.
These
can
be
explored
through
technology
applied
contents
from
plasma,
saliva,
or
urine
samples
envenomated
individuals,
comprehensive
integrative
approach
managing
cases.
BMC Veterinary Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Feb. 20, 2025
The
therapeutic
potential
of
exosomes
derived
from
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
is
increasingly
recognized
in
veterinary
medicine.
This
study
explored
the
feasibility
a
microcarrier-based
three-dimensional
(3D)
culture
system
for
producing
(cEXO).
Investigations
were
conducted
to
enhance
production
efficiency,
ensure
stability,
and
evaluate
cEXO
anti-inflammatory
applications
while
assessing
their
safety
profile.
3D
improved
efficient
cEXO,
yielding
with
acceptable
profiles,
including
size
approximately
81.22
nm,
negative
surface
charge,
high
particle
concentration
(1.32
×
109
particles/mL).
Confocal
imaging
proved
dynamic
changes
cell
viability
across
phases,
highlighting
challenges
maintaining
during
repeated
exosome
collection
cycles.
Characterization
via
transmission
electron
microscopy,
nanoparticle
tracking
analysis,
zeta-potential
measurements
confirmed
stability
functionality
particularly
when
stored
at
-20
°C.
Functional
assays
showed
that
exerted
significant
activity
RAW264.7
macrophages
an
inverse
dose-dependent
manner,
no
observed
cytotoxicity
fibroblasts
or
macrophages.
Acute
toxicity
testing
rats
revealed
adverse
effects
on
clinical
parameters,
organ
health,
body
weight,
supporting
use.
highlights
scalable
robust
activity,
profiles.
These
findings
advance
development
cEXO-based
therapies
support
application
regenerative
