Endocrine and molecular regulation of seasonal avian immune function

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1918)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Birds have evolved seasonal adaptations in multiple aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Seasonal immunological are crucial for survival harsh environmental conditions response to increased prevalence acute chronic diseases. Similar other vertebrates, birds exhibit remarkable plasticity cytokine production, chemotaxis, phagocytosis inflammation across year. In this review, we provide a comparative perspective on rhythms bird function. We describe advances our understanding annual changes cells responses challenges. Then, role glucocorticoids, sex steroids, thyroid hormones (THs) melatonin act as immunomodulators is described. then discuss impact major emerging disease, high pathogenicity avian influenza, one most critical diseases with significant implications poultry wild populations. The review identifies need enhance knowledge tissues birds, at molecular, cellular hormonal levels Moreover, there absence information sex-specific variation Understanding system dynamics will aid addressing negative impacts pathogenic diseases, minimize global economic losses conservation efforts.This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Circadian infection immunity'.

Language: Английский

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ЗАГАЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЕРИТРОЦИТІВ І ГЕМОГЛОБІНУ КРОВІ ПТИЦІ (ОГЛЯДОВА)

Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University The series Veterinary Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(66), P. 25 - 33

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Оглядове дослідження присвячено вивченню особливостей еритроцитів у різних видів домашньої птиці: курей, індиків, гусей та перепелів. Наведено аналіз різноманітних наукових праць багатьох вітчизняних зарубіжних авторів, присвячених морфологічним функціональним характеристикам еритроцитів, таким як кількість, розмір вміст гемоглобіну. У крові птахів відбуваються життєво важливі процеси, такі транспортування кисню поживних речовин, забезпечення імунного захисту підтримання гомеостазу, що є критично важливими для їх інтенсивного мета- болізму. В умовах промислового вирощування, де птахи піддаються високим навантаженням, допомагає відстежувати фізіологічний стан продуктивність. Однією з відмінних рис кровоносної системи наявність ядра в еритроцитах, відрізняє від аналогічних клітин ссавців і сприяє вищій метаболічній активності. Ця робота зосереджується на аналізі узагальненні уніфікації даних наведених ними, огляд сфокусовано темі порівняння перепелів, аналізуючи морфологічні кількісні показники за різними авторами. Резуль- тати аналізу показують, гуси мають найбільший найбільшу кількість гемоглобіну, забезпечити їхню потребу кисні під час тривалих навантажень. навпаки, менші клітини нижчий відповідає їхнім помірним енергетичним потребам. Курей індиків характеризують проміжні показники, забезпечують їхні фізіологічні потреби. Дослідження свійської птиці важливим діагностичним інструментом оцінки їхнього здоров’я пристосування до умов навколишнього середовища. Подальші цій сфері дозво- лять розробити ефективніші стратегії утримання підвищення продуктивності птиці. роботі проведено порівняльний отриманих зроблено висновки про вплив розміру птиці, її метаболічної активності склад крові. Результати можуть бути корисними ветеринарії птахівництва, дозволяючи оптимізувати умови

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Rapid changes in plasma corticosterone and medial amygdala transcriptome profiles during social status change reveal molecular pathways associated with a major life history transition in mouse dominance hierarchies

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. e1011548 - e1011548

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Social hierarchies are a common form of social organization across species. Although largely stable time, animals may socially ascend or descend within depending on environmental and challenges. Here, we develop novel paradigm to study ascent descent male CD-1 mouse hierarchies. We show that mice all ranks rapidly establish new when placed in groups with equivalent status. Seventy minutes following hierarchy formation, males were dominant prior being into exhibit higher increases plasma corticosterone vastly greater transcriptional changes the medial amygdala (MeA), which is central regulation behavior, compared who subordinate hierarchy. Specifically, loss status (social descent) associated reductions MeA expression myelination oligodendrocyte differentiation genes. Maintaining high genes related cholinergic signaling MeA. Conversely, gaining ascent) relatively few unique rapid also identify transition undergo either maintaining their Two genes, Myosin binding protein C1 ( Mybpc1 ) μ-Crystallin Crym ), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) thyroid hormone pathways respectively, highly upregulated transitioning individuals. Further, synaptic plasticity, excitatory glutamatergic learning memory observed suggesting these processes support changes.

Language: Английский

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Photoperiod-driven testicular DNA methylation in gonadotropin and sex steroid receptor promoters in Siberian hamsters

Journal of Comparative Physiology A, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Seasonal cycles in breeding, often orchestrated by annual changes photoperiod, are common nature. Here, we studied how change photoperiod affects DNA methylation the testes of a highly seasonal breeder: Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). We hypothesized that promoter regions associated with key reproductive genes such as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor is linked to breeding and non-breeding states. Using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, identified more than 10 million (10,151,742) differentially methylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites genome between long short conditions. ShinyGo enrichment analyses biological pathways consisting system, hormone-mediated signalling gonad development. found induced for androgen (Ar), estrogen receptors (Esr1, Esr2), kisspeptin1 (kiss1r) (Fshr). Long photoperiods were observed have higher promoters basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1), progesterone (Pgr) thyroid-stimulating (Tshr). Our findings provide insights into epigenetic mechanisms underlying adaptations timing reproduction hamsters could be informative understanding male fertility disorders mammals.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive characteristics and methods to improve reproductive performance in goose production: a systematic review

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105099 - 105099

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Timing mismatches, carryover effects, and the role of neuroendocrine mechanisms in determining birds' responses to environmental change

Journal of Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Abstract The neuroendocrine system plays a critical role in the synchronization of life cycle stages with variation environment, and coordination one another. When humans modify environments, these mechanisms may impact how different individuals, populations, species, even communities are affected. Here we conceptualize endocrine influence likelihood of: (1) timing mismatches between environmental conditions, (2) carryover effects within annual cycles. Timing can occur when an individual fails to synchronize particular stage appropriate conditions. Carryover activities (including its timing) affect performance or more subsequent stages. We suggest that there is trade‐off adjustments across such reduce temporally changing environments (e.g., strong responsiveness short‐term cues, resultant increased temporal flexibility fine‐tune current local conditions) inherently increase through delay transition stages), vice versa. use two examples—flexibility onset photorefractoriness mediated by sensitivity molt sex steroids—to illustrate ideas, future work should investigate impacts potentially other seasonal on effects. conceptual framework presented here suggests be no single best set tactics for coping climate change; species facilitating avoid some but themselves up deleterious as they make conditions modified change.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying reproductive responses of Japanese quails to heat stress conditions

International Journal of Biometeorology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(11), P. 2173 - 2184

Published: July 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Non-image-forming functional roles of OPN3, OPN4 and OPN5 photopigments

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15, P. 100177 - 100177

Published: April 2, 2023

Detecting different wavelengths and intensities of environmental light is crucial for the survival many animals. In response, a multiplicity opsins (a special group photosensitive G protein-coupled receptors), when combined with retinal chromophore, able to directly detect initiate downstream phototransduction signaling cascades. Although avian studies from 1930s suggested presence deep brain photoreceptors that could respond seasonal changes in light/dark cycle, it was only few decades ago photopigments other than those found visual system (i.e. rods cones) were identified as functional photoreceptors. It now established several classes non-visual they express, lower vertebrates higher mammals alike, can regulate plethora mechanisms function outside vision. These include synchronization cycles biological/cellular rhythms body photoentrainment); melanogenesis dermal tissues; thermoregulation adipose tissue; embryonic eye development; smooth muscle relaxation; development certain cancers. have been shown, part at least, be controlled by expression three important opsin genes, namely OPN3, OPN4 OPN5, although vertebrate exist, unknown or unclear roles assigned them presently. Specifically, these shown expressed during early embryogenesis throughout adulthood, which will discussed here. Moreover, this review highlights recent focus on key non-image-forming particular impact photoreception developing structures pathways, well adulthood.

Language: Английский

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FSHβ links photoperiodic signaling to seasonal reproduction in Japanese quail

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 12, 2023

Annual cycles in daylength provide an initial predictive environmental cue that plants and animals use to time seasonal biology. Seasonal changes photoperiodic information acts entrain endogenous programs physiology optimize animal's fitness. Attempts identify the neural molecular substrates of measurement birds have, date, focused on blunt light exposure during a restricted period photoinducibility. The objectives these studies were first characterize clock Japanese quail second, key transcripts involved endogenously generated interval timing underlies photosensitivity birds. We hypothesized mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) provides neuroendocrine control photoperiod-induced reproductive physiology, pars distalis pituitary gland contains internal timer for short photoperiod-dependent development photosensitivity. Here, we report distinct waveforms transcript expression MBH, discovered patterns not synchronized across tissues. Follicle-stimulating hormone-β (FSHβ) increased simulated spring equinox, prior photoinduced increases prolactin, thyrotropin-stimulating hormone-β, testicular growth. Diurnal analyses showed sustained elevated levels FSHβ under conditions compared autumnal (<12L) long (>12L) photoperiods. held non-stimulatory photoperiod, indicative initiation programmed timer. These data establishes state external coincidence physiology. independent regulation alternative pathway through which other supplementary cues, such as temperature, can fine tune maturation involution.

Language: Английский

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Neural thyroid hormone metabolism integrates seasonal changes in environmental temperature with the neuroendocrine reproductive axis

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 105517 - 105517

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

We asked if environmental temperature alters thyroid hormone metabolism within the hypothalamus, thereby providing a neuroendocrine mechanism by which could be integrated with photoperiod to regulate seasonal rhythms. used immunohistochemistry assess effects of low-temperature winter dormancy at 4 °C or 12 on thyroid-stimulating (TSH) infundibulum pituitary as well deiodinase 2 (Dio2) and 3 (Dio3) hypothalamus red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). Both duration and, in males, magnitude altered immunoreactivity increasing area Dio2-immunoreactivity males females decreasing number Dio3-immunoreactive cells after 8-16 weeks. Reciprocal changes Dio2/3 favor accumulation triiodothyronine hypothalamus. Whether TSH mediates these requires further study, significant TSH-immunoreactive cell were not observed. Temporal coincided an increase proportion exhibiting courtship behavior temporal pattern emergence. Our findings mirror those previous studies, require exposure for least 8 weeks before gonadotropin-releasing sex steroid hormones are Collectively, data provide evidence that pathway regulating reproductive axis via is capable transducing information. Because all vertebrates can potentially use supplementary cue, results broadly applicable understanding how environment-organism interactions mediate seasonally adaptive responses.

Language: Английский

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