Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology: How the ultraviolet radiation regulates the body, brain, and immune system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(14)

Published: March 15, 2024

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is primarily recognized for its detrimental effects such as cancerogenesis, skin aging, eye damage, and autoimmune disorders. With exception of ultraviolet B (UVB) requirement in the production vitamin D3, positive role UVR modulation homeostasis underappreciated. Skin exposure to triggers local responses secondary induction chemical, hormonal, immune, neural signals that are defined by chromophores extent penetration into compartments. These not random coordinated cutaneous neuro-immuno-endocrine system, which counteracts action external stressors accommodates changing environment. The induces electrical, biological be sent brain, endocrine immune systems, well other central organs, concert regulate body homeostasis. To achieve homeostatic goal, UVR-induced precisely computed locally with transmission through nerves or humoral release circulation activate and/or modulate coordinating centers organs. Such modulatory will dependent on UVA UVB wavelengths. This leads immunosuppression, activation brain centers, modification different organ functions. Therefore, it imperative understand underlying mechanisms electromagnetic energy deep body, impact internal Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology can offer novel therapeutic approaches addiction mood disorders; autoimmune, neurodegenerative, chronic pain-generating pathologies involving endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems.

Language: Английский

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Direct photoreception by pituitary endocrine cells regulates hormone release and pigmentation

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6729), P. 43 - 48

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The recent discovery of nonvisual photoreceptors in various organs has raised expectations for uncovering their roles and underlying mechanisms. In this work, we identified a previously unrecognized hormone-releasing mechanism the pituitary Japanese rice fish (medaka) induced by light. Ca 2+ imaging analysis revealed that melanotrophs, type endocrine cell secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone, robustly increase concentration intracellular during short-wavelength light exposure. Moreover, Opn5m as key molecule drives response. Knocking out opn5m attenuated melanogenesis reducing tyrosinase expression skin. Our findings suggest which direct reception melanotrophs triggers pathway might contribute to protection from ultraviolet radiation medaka.

Language: Английский

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G protein-coupled receptor diversity and evolution in the closest living relatives of Metazoa

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

ABSTRACT G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a pivotal role in the perception of environmental cues across eukaryotic diversity. Although GPCRs have been relatively well characterized metazoans, GPCR signaling is poorly understood their sister group, choanoflagellates, and other close relatives metazoans (CRMs). Here, we examine diversity evolution choanoflagellates by curating catalog 918 GPCRs, 141 proteins, 367 associated regulators from 23 choanoflagellate genomes transcriptomes. We found that repertoire larger more diverse than previously anticipated, with 18 families which 12 are newly identified these organisms. Comparative analyses revealed most conserved and/or lineages. Adhesion TKL/Ks abundant choanoflagellates. Importantly, identification repertoires CRMs non-metazoans refines our understanding metazoan reveals existence unreported at root tree.

Language: Английский

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All Light, Everywhere? Photoreceptors at Nonconventional Sites

Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 30 - 43

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

One of the biggest environmental alterations we have made to our species is change in exposure light. During day, typically sit behind glass windows illuminated by artificial light that >400 times dimmer and has a very different spectrum than natural daylight. On opposite end are nights now lit up several orders magnitude. This review aims provide food for thought as why this matters humans other animals. Evidence from behavioral neuroscience, physiology, chronobiology, molecular biology increasingly converging on conclusions biological nonvisual functions photosensory molecules highly complex. The initial work von Frisch extraocular photoreceptors fish, identification rhodopsins receptors animal eyes eye-like structures cryptochromes sensors nonmammalian still allowed impression reception would be relatively restricted, localized sense most However, light-sensitive processes and/or sensory proteins been many cell types tissues. It might necessary consider nonlight-responding cells exception, rather rule.

Language: Английский

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Effects of light, electromagnetic fields and water on biological rhythms

Biomedical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100824 - 100824

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

The circadian rhythm controls a wide range of functions in the human body and is required for optimal health. Disruption can produce inflammation initiate or aggravate chronic diseases. modern lifestyle involves long indoor hours under artificial lighting conditions as well eating, working, sleeping at irregular times, which disrupt lead to poor health outcomes. Seasonal solar variations, sunspot cycle anthropogenic electromagnetic fields also influence biological rhythms. possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed, include resonance, radical-pair formation retina cryptochromes, ion cyclotron interference, ultimately leading variations melatonin cortisol. Intracellular water, represents coherent, ordered phase that sensitive infrared light fields, may respond man-made fields. We describe here various factors affect regulation rhythms, with aim providing practical measures improve

Language: Английский

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Special issue "chromophores and opsins: Physiological processes elicited by visible, ultraviolet and infrared light"

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 100247 - 100247

Published: July 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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