Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Review

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Obesity is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; it significant public health problem. The most common cause of obesity throughout childhood adolescence an inequity in energy balance; is, excess caloric intake without appropriate expenditure. Adiposity rebound (AR) early risk factor for adulthood. increasing prevalence adolescent associated with rise comorbidities previously identified the adult population, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Dyslipidemia. Due to lack single treatment option address obesity, clinicians have generally relied on counseling dietary changes exercise. psychosocial issues may accompany regarding body habitus, this approach can negative results. Teens develop unhealthy eating habits result Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge- Eating Disorder (BED), or Night syndrome (NES). Others Anorexia (AN) they attempt restrict their diet overshoot goal “being healthy.” To date, lifestyle interventions shown only modest effects weight loss. Emerging findings from basic science well interventional drug trials utilizing GLP-1 agonists demonstrated success effective loss obese adults, adolescents, pediatric patients. However, there limited data efficacy safety other weight-loss medications children adolescents. Nearly 6% adolescents United States are severely bariatric surgery consideration will be discussed. In summary, paper overview pathophysiology, clinical, psychological implications, options available

Language: Английский

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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(19), P. 6076 - 6076

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change composition of flora in particular parts host. Recently, use probiotics to regulate intestinal improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence shown play significant roles gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit colonization pathogenic bacteria intestine, help build a healthy mucosa protective layer, enhance immune system. Based on close relationship between immunity, it become an extremely effective way by regulating microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed influence probiotics, microbiota, life quality. We further emphasized regulation microflora through thereby enhancing improving people’s lives.

Language: Английский

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Pathways Connecting Late-Life Depression and Dementia

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 13, 2020

REVIEW article Front. Pharmacol., 13 March 2020Sec. Neuropharmacology Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00279

Language: Английский

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Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 1616 - 1616

Published: March 2, 2020

Background: Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing most. Research shows that diet associated with depressive symptoms or (depression). Aim: This study aimed investigate diets impact on depression, by reviewing scientific evidence for prevention treatment interventions. Method: A systematic review was conducted, narrative synthesis analysis performed. Result: Twenty articles were included in this review. The result showed high adherence dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium folic acid; various fatty acids; fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals work support motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent treat based presented results study. Further research needed strengthen causal relationship define evidence-based strategies implement healthcare.

Language: Английский

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In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Previously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We understand about their capacity transfer nucleic acids proteins between distant organs, interaction of surface with target cells, role vesicle-bound lipids in health disease. To date, most observations have been made reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population produced vivo likely act concert both beneficial detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles pathogenesis diseases, cancer neurodegenerative disease, well maintenance system organ homeostasis. This two-part review draws on expertise researchers working field EV biology aims cover functional physiology pathology. Part I will outline normal physiology.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of the Human Diet and Its Impact on Gut Microbiota, Immune Responses, and Brain Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 196 - 196

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

The relatively rapid shift from consuming preagricultural wild foods for thousands of years, to postindustrial semi-processed and ultra-processed endemic the Western world less than 200 years ago did not allow evolutionary adaptation commensal microbial species that inhabit human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, this has significantly impacted gut health. microbiota, diverse dynamic population microbes, been demonstrated have extensive important interactions with digestive, immune, nervous systems. diet-induced dysbiosis microbiota shown negatively impact digestive physiology, pathogenic effects on immune system, and, in turn, cause exaggerated neuroinflammation. Given tremendous amount evidence linking neuroinflammation neural dysfunction, it is no surprise diet implicated development many diseases disorders brain, including memory impairments, neurodegenerative disorders, depression. In review, we discuss each these concepts understand how what eat can lead cognitive psychiatric diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome-Immune System-Brain Axis and Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prominent cause of disability worldwide. Current antidepressant drugs produce full remission in only about one-third MDD patients and there are no biomarkers to guide physicians selecting the best treatment for individuals. There an urgency learn more etiology identify new targets that will lead improved therapy hopefully aid predicting preventing MDD. has been extensive interest roles immune system gut microbiome how these systems interact. Gut microbes can contribute nature responses, chronic inflammatory state may increased responsiveness stress development The microbiome-immune system-brain axis bidirectional, sensitive important stress-related disorders such as Communication between brain involves enteric nervous (ENS), autonomic (ANS), neuroendocrine signaling system, all interact with microbiota. Preclinical studies preliminary clinical investigations have reported mood administration probiotics prebiotics, but large, carefully controlled trials now necessary evaluate their effectiveness treating several microbe-derived molecules neurotransmitters, short chain fatty acids tryptophan play reviewed briefly. Challenges potential future directions associated studying this it relates discussed.

Language: Английский

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Effects of ‘Healthy’ Fecal Microbiota Transplantation against the Deterioration of Depression in Fawn-Hooded Rats

mSystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(3)

Published: April 28, 2022

Depression is a recurrent, heterogeneous mood disorder occurring in more than 260 million people worldwide. Gut microbiome dysbiosis associated with the development of depressive-like behaviors by modulating neuro-biochemical metabolism through microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been proposed as potential therapeutic solution for depression, but efficiency and mechanism are unknown. Here, we performed an FMT from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats ('healthy' controls) to Fawn-hooded (FH) (depression model). Pre-FMT, FH exhibited significantly elevated distinct neurotransmitter cytokine levels compared SD rats. Post-FMT, recipients receiving fecal (FH-FH rats) showed aggravated behaviors, while ones (FH-SD had alleviated depressive symptoms, significant increase hippocampal neurotransmitters, decrease some cytokines FH-FH SD-FMT resulted FH-SD rats' gut resembling donors, shift serum metabolome not metabolome. Co-occurrence analysis suggests that prevented recipients' depression via microbial species such Dialister sp., which led metabolic modulation hippocampus enteric nervous system, intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier. Our results provided new data pointing multiple mechanisms interaction impact on therapy. IMPORTANCE chronic, recurrent mental disease, could make patients commit suicide severe cases. Considering cause symptoms animals MGB axis, modification expected be therapy daily administration probiotics invalid or transient. In this study, demonstrated transferred healthy rat model regulate recipient's neurobiology behavior systematic alternation followed metabolism. These underline significance understanding disorders suggest 'healthy' function solve host's cerebral inflammation may serve novel strategy depression.

Language: Английский

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The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 10322 - 10322

Published: June 19, 2023

Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding microbiota. Although composition/function intestinal appears to affect central nervous (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence clearly explains connection between CNS pathology and dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric (ENS) a separate branch autonomic (ANS) largest part peripheral (PNS). It composed vast complex network neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators neurotransmitters, like those found CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections both PNS ANS, ENS also capable some independent activities. This concept, together suggested role played microorganisms metabolome onset progression neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) psychopathological (depression, disorders, autism) diseases, large number investigations exploring functional physiopathological implications microbiota/brain axis.

Language: Английский

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