Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100522 - 100522

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem class of with the potential self-healing and multidirectional differentiation. In recent years, numerous studies have shown EVs, especially those mesenchymal cells, can promote repair regeneration various tissues and, thus, significant in regenerative medicine. However, due to rapid clearance capacity circulatory system, EVs barely able act persistently at specific sites target tissues. Hydrogels good biocompatibility loose porous structural properties allow them serve as EV carriers, thereby prolonging retention certain areas slowing release EVs. When needed function sites, EV-loaded hydrogels stand an excellent approach. this review, we first introduce sources, roles, extraction characterization methods describe their current application status. We then review different types discuss factors influencing abilities carry summarize several strategies loading into characterizing hydrogels. Furthermore, applications tissue repair. This article concludes summary state research on outlook future directions, which hope will provide promising ideas researchers.

Language: Английский

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Current Strategies for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeting Delivery

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1416 - 1416

Published: May 17, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in diameter, possess a lipid bilayer are secreted by various cells. Due their high biocompatibility, stability, low immunogenicity, favored cargo carriers. The membrane of also offers protection against degradation, making them desirable candidate However, loading into remains be challenge. Despite strategies incubation, electroporation, sonication, extrusion, freeze–thaw cycling, transfection that been developed facilitate loading, inadequate efficiency still persists. This review an overview current delivery using summarizes recent approaches small-molecule, nucleic acid, protein drugs exosomes. With insights these studies, we provide ideas more efficient effective molecules

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in skin wound healing: roles, opportunities and challenges

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due trauma, tearing, cuts, or contusions. As such injuries common all human groups, they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic burden. Currently, increasing numbers of studies have focused on role mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in wound repair. cell-free therapy, MSC-derived EVs shown significant application potential field repair as more stable and safer option than conventional therapy. Treatment based can significantly promote damaged substructures, including regeneration vessels, nerves, hair follicles. In addition, inhibit scar formation affecting angiogenesis-related antifibrotic pathways promoting macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, inhibiting excessive matrix production. Additionally, these structures serve scaffold for components used repair, be developed into bioengineered support trauma Through formulation standardized culture, isolation, purification, drug delivery strategies, exploration detailed mechanism will allow them clinical treatments conclusion, EVs-based therapies important prospects Here we provide comprehensive overview their current status, potential, associated drawbacks.

Language: Английский

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Emerging mechanisms of obesity-associated immune dysfunction

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 136 - 148

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Hydrogel-mediated extracellular vesicles for enhanced wound healing: the latest progress, and their prospects for 3D bioprinting

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles have shown promising tissue recovery-promoting effects, making them increasingly sought-after for their therapeutic potential in wound treatment. However, traditional extracellular vesicle applications suffer from limitations such as rapid degradation and short maintenance during administration. To address these challenges, a growing body of research highlights the role hydrogels effective carriers sustained release, thereby facilitating healing. The combination with development 3D bioprinting create composite hydrogel systems boasting excellent mechanical properties biological activity, presenting novel approach to healing skin dressing. This comprehensive review explores remarkable hydrogels, specifically suited loading vesicles. We delve into diverse sources analyzing integration within formulations Different methods well bioprinting, adapted varying conditions construction strategies, are examined roles promoting results highlight vesicle-laden advanced tools field treatment, offering both support bioactive functions. By providing an in-depth examination various that can play healing, this sheds light on directions further development. Finally, we challenges associated application along emerging trends domain. discussion covers issues scalability, regulatory considerations, translation technology practical clinical settings. In conclusion, underlines significant contributions hydrogel-mediated therapy regeneration. It serves valuable resource researchers practitioners alike, fostering deeper understanding benefits, applications, involved utilizing Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles: regulators and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment

Cancer Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs can be reprogrammed by cancer cells, leading to production extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs serve as carriers for bioactive substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolic products, thereby facilitating progression. CAF-derived exert substantial influence on cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immunological environment, processes lymphangiogenesis angiogenesis. Despite their potential non-invasive biomarkers therapeutic delivery vehicles, clinical application is currently limited challenges in purification precise targeting. This review delineates diverse roles growth, immune evasion within TME.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization, Angiogenesis, and Collagen Deposition

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10421 - 10421

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Some scholars have suggested that the clinical application of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) might represent a novel strategy to improve diabetic wound healing. However, mechanisms underlying effects hucMSCs-exo on healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed identify mechanism in treating wounds. HucMSCs-exo were isolated (hucMSCs) and subcutaneously injected into full-thickness wounds rats. Wound closure rates histological analysis performed. The levels tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), vascular growth factor (VEGF) detected by immunohistochemistry. degree collagen deposition was examined using Masson's trichrome staining. Gross evaluation carried out day 0 14 post-surgery, site harvested for histology days 3, 7, post-wounding. transplantation increased In vitro, promoted proliferation vein (HUVECs) NIH-3T3 cells. vivo, reduced area inflammatory infiltration fibers. addition, tissues group had higher CD206, CD31, VEGF expressions lower TNF-α than those control 14. Our results demonstrated facilitated repair inducing anti-inflammatory macrophages promoting angiogenesis deposition.

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles: Yields, functionalization and applications in diabetic wound management

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Diabetic wounds have imposed a significant burden on both patients and society with prolonged healing processes hindered by dysfunctional skin repair cells. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), as the important media for intercellular communications, show promising therapeutic potential in treating diabetic restoring cellular functions. However, low yields limited bio‐function of sEVs greatly challenge their large‐scale clinical use. Here, we briefly overview biogenesis uptake sEVs, emphasize current advances improving optimizing function engineering approaches, summarize applications engineered wound treatment. Furthermore, undissolved issues during transformation are also discussed. This critical review aims to provide meaningful guidance future management wounds.

Language: Английский

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The role of extracellular vesicles in periodontitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 11, 2023

Periodontitis is a prevalent disease and one of the leading causes tooth loss. Biofilms are initiating factor periodontitis, which can destroy periodontal tissue by producing virulence factors. The overactivated host immune response primary cause periodontitis. clinical examination tissues patient’s medical history mainstays periodontitis diagnosis. However, there lack molecular biomarkers that be used to identify predict activity precisely. Non-surgical surgical treatments currently available for although both have drawbacks. In practice, achieving ideal therapeutic effect remains challenge. Studies revealed bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) export proteins cells. Meanwhile, cells EVs pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, play critical role in pathogenesis Recent studies also presented content composition saliva gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) serve as possible diagnostic indicators. addition, indicated stem cell may encourage regeneration. this article, we mainly review discuss their potential.

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional hydrogel-based engineered extracellular vesicles delivery for complicated wound healing

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 4198 - 4217

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in wound healing has been well-documented.However, the direct administration free EVs via subcutaneous injection at sites may result rapid dissipation bioactive components and diminished therapeutic efficacy.Functionalized hydrogels provide effective protection, as well ensure sustained release bioactivity during process, making them an ideal candidate material for delivering EVs.In this review, we introduce mechanisms by which accelerate healing, then elaborate on construction strategies engineered EVs.Subsequently, discuss synthesis application delivery systems to enhance complicated healing.Furthermore, face wounds, functionalized with specific microenvironment regulation capabilities, such antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, used loading EVs, potential approaches addressing these challenges.Ultimately, deliberate future trajectories outlooks, offering a fresh viewpoint advancement artificial intelligence (AI)-energized materials 3D bio-printed multifunctional hydrogel-based dressings biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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