Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1677 - 1677

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome that present all over the world. The use of eco-friendly, cost-effective, and green-synthesised nanoparticles as medicinal therapy in treatment DM an attractive option.In study, silver (AI-AgNPs) were biosynthesized through green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica seed extract to evaluate their anti-diabetic potentials.These characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DLS, X-ray diffraction (XRD). AI-AgNPs crude extracts seeds evaluated for potentials glucose adsorption assays, uptake yeast cells alpha-amylase inhibitory assays.Al-AgNPs showed highest activity (75 ± 1.528%), while (63 2.5%) at 80 µg/mL. In assay, Al-AgNPs was 10.65 1.58%, 8.32 0.258% 30 mM, whereas exhibited maximum 73.85 1.114% 65.85 2.101% 100 assay results substantial dose-dependent activities. Further, also investigated streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mice administered with (10 40 mg/kg b.w) days.The considerable drop blood sugar levels, including pancreatic liver cell regeneration, demonstrating have strong potential.

Language: Английский

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The neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals in traumatic brain injury: mechanistic insights and pharmacological implications

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to damage, comprising both immediate primary damage and a subsequent cascade of secondary mechanisms. The results in localized while the initiates inflammatory responses, followed by disruption blood-brain barrier, infiltration peripheral blood cells, edema, release various immune mediators, including chemotactic factors interleukins. TBI disrupts molecular signaling, cell structures, functions. In addition physical tissue such as axonal injuries, contusions, haemorrhages, interferes with functioning, impacting cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, speech capabilities. Despite deep understanding pathophysiology TBI, an intensive effort evaluate underlying mechanisms effective therapeutic interventions is imperative manage repercussions TBI. Studies have commenced explore potential employing natural compounds for These are characterized their low toxicity limited interactions conventional drugs. Moreover, many demonstrate capacity target aspects process. While our there urgent need mitigate its consequences. Here, we aimed summarize mechanism action role phytochemicals against progression. This review discusses implications phytonutrients addresses consequences addition, highlighted roles emerging promising candidates intervention highlights neuroprotective mechanistic approach. Furthermore, efforts focused on mechanisms, providing better therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Limonoids and semisynthetic derivatives as anticancer agents: Recent research progress and future perspectives

Bioorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 108520 - 108520

Published: April 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Predictive modelling and ranking: Azadirachta indica compounds through indices and multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2025

Introduction Azadirachta indica (neem) shows medicinal potential against chronic diseases, but clinical translation is challenging. This study aimed to analyze neem compounds using topological indices (TIs) predict physicochemical properties. Methods Valency-based indices, including Zagreb and atom bond connectivity were used characterize boiling point, vaporization, enthalpy, mass, refractivity. Regression analysis multi-criteria decision-making methods employed for predictive modeling compound ranking. Results Statistical metrics demonstrated the power of models. Ranking provided a hierarchical ordering based on therapeutic potential. Discussion contributes analogous prediction, optimization, virtual screening cost-effective approach. The findings offer insight into properties, potentially accelerating drug discovery development.

Language: Английский

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Integrative Genomic and in Silico Analysis Reveals Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome C Oxidase III (MT—CO3) Overexpression and Potential Neem-Derived Inhibitors in Breast Cancer

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 546 - 546

Published: April 30, 2025

Background: The increasing global incidence of breast cancer calls for the identification new therapeutic targets and assessment possible neem-derived inhibitors by means computational modeling integrated genomic research. Methods: Originally looking at 59,424 genes throughout 42 samples, we investigated gene expression data from Cancer Genome Atlas—Breast (TCGA-BRCA) dataset. We chose 286 thorough investigation following strict screening consistent expression. R’s limma package was used in differential analysis. leading candidate’s protein done with Swiss-ADME Discovery Studio. Molecular docking studies, including 132 neem compounds, were conducted utilizing AutoDock Vina. Results: Among examined, mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase III (MT—CO3) turned out to be most greatly overexpressed gene, showing elevation across all samples. Protein revealed a substantial hydrophobic pocket (volume: 627.3 Å3) inside structure MT—CO3. Docking investigations showed five interesting inhibitors: 7-benzoylnimbocinol, nimolicinol, melianodiol, isonimocinolide, stigmasterol. Strong binding affinities ranging −9.2 −11.5 kcal/mol diverse interactions MT—CO3, mostly involving residues Phe214, Arg221, Trp58, these molecules displayed. With dominant chemicals, fragment contribution analysis that scaffold percentage influences effectiveness. Stigmasterol greater drug-likeness (QED = 0.79) despite minimal interaction variety, while 7-benzoylnimbocinol presented best-balanced physicochemical profile. Conclusion: Connecting traditional medicine current genomics biology, this work proposes methodology structure-guided drug design development using chemicals finds MT—CO3 as potential target cancer.

Language: Английский

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Suitability of the Neonatal Streptozotocin Diabetes Model and Folklore Therapeutic use of Low-Dose Neem Leaf Extract to Treat Hyperglycemia Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Neem leaf has been used in folklore medicine to combat diabetes mellitus and other ailments. Difficulty finding suitable type 2 (T2DM) models led the exploration of neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) model investigate impact low-dose neem extract (NLE) on T2DM-associated hyperglycemia. Following ethical approval, two- three-day-old rat pups (n=66) received 60 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally while normal controls (n=9) an equivalent volume citrate buffer. Weaned animals free access chow water a constant 12 hour on/12 off light cycle. Tail vein blood glucose was assessed weekly following eight-hour fast, using Accu Chek Advantage glucometer. Animals tap (Normal Diabetic Control) or 0.8 % NLE (Diabetic Treated) for six weeks. The results were expressed as means ± standard error mean Origin Pro 7.0 software. significance difference between groups determined with IBM SPSS Windows software version 23 via paired samples T-test. Statistical p<0.05 used. mortality 74% pre-STZ (32.6% post-STZ) 40.9% 81.8% success (of STZ-injected STZ-survivors), respectively. Fasting significantly (p<0.05) elevated diabetic not alleviated by NLE. Because variability rates, further investigation is warranted better reproducibility nSTZ T2DM minimal mortality. Furthermore, therapeutic does positively hyperglycemia should replace clinically prescribed medicines.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Degraded Limonoid Prieurianin

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3597 - 3597

Published: March 22, 2024

Limonoids are extremely diversified in plants, with many categories of products bearing an intact, rearranged or fragmented oxygenated scaffold. A specific subgroup degraded limonoids derives from the tetranortriterpenoid prieurianin, initially isolated tree Trichilia prieuriana but also found other plants Meliaceae family, including more abundant species Aphanamixis polystachya. Prieurianin-type include about seventy compounds, among which dregeanin and rohitukin. Prieurianin analogs exhibit insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiadipogenic and/or antiparasitic properties their mechanism action remains ill-defined at present. Previous studies have shown that known as endosidin 1, stabilizes actin cytoskeleton plant mammalian cells via modulation architecture dynamic network, most likely interference actin-binding proteins. new mechanistic hypothesis is advanced here based on recent discovery targeting chaperone protein Hsp47 by limonoid fraxinellone. Molecular modeling suggested prieurianin and, to a lesser extent dregeanin, can form very stable complexes protein–collagen interface. Hsp-binding may account for insecticidal product. The present review draws up portrait provides overview pharmacological this atypical its chemical family.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Physiological and Biochemical Attributes of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) under Salinity Stress

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 702 - 702

Published: July 3, 2024

Salinity poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity worldwide, with its detrimental effects on plant growth and physiological processes. Understanding the mechanisms by which plants respond salt stress is crucial for developing strategies mitigate impact crop yield sustainability. To address this issue, pot study was conducted determine effect of biochemical attributes neem (Azdiarchta indica A. Juss). Plants were grown 10 months in pots filled soil having different salinity levels 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 dS m−1 compared control 1.7 m−1. The results showed that chlorophyll contents declined as increased. Due oxidative stress, H2O2 increased under higher levels. mitigation achieved through activation antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase). Multivariate analysis indicated Na+ accumulation positively related production enzymatic activities, negatively biomass, contents, root shoot K+ concentration, K+/Na+. experimental suggest can be moderate saline soils.

Language: Английский

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Development of natural product-based targeted protein degraders as anticancer agents

Bioorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 107772 - 107772

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Azadirachtin Attenuates Carcinogen Benzo(a) Pyrene-Induced DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, Inflammatory, Metabolic, and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2001 - 2001

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Azadirachtin (AZD), a limonoid from the versatile, tropical neem tree (Azadirachta indica), is well known for its many medicinal, and pharmacological effects. Its effects as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer agent are known. However, not studies have explored of AZD on toxicities induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), toxic component cigarette smoke to cause DNA damage cell cycle arrest, leading different kinds cancer. In present study, using HepG2 cells, we investigated protective (AZD) against B(a)P-induced oxidative/nitrosative metabolic stress mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with 25 µM B(a)P 24 h demonstrated increased production reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed lipid peroxidation presumably, due activation CYP 450 1A1/1A2 enzymes. We also observed intrinsic extrinsic apoptosis, alterations in glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis, inflammation after treatment. Cells treated showed decreased oxidative partial protection damage, improvement functions bioenergetics. The antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory potential, regulatory markers qualify potential therapeutic combination drugs.

Language: Английский

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