Recent Advances in the Additive Manufacturing of Stimuli‐Responsive Soft Polymers

Advanced Engineering Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(21)

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been extensively used for developing flexible actuators, robots, wearable devices, sensors, self‐expanding structures, and biomedical thanks to their ability change shapes functional properties in response external stimuli including light, humidity, heat, pH, electric field, solvent, magnetic field or combinations two more these stimuli. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) aka 3D printing technology SRPs, also known as 4D printing, has gained phenomenal attention different engineering fields, its unique develop complex, personalized, innovative undergo twisting, elongating, swelling, rolling, shrinking, bending, spiraling, other complex morphological transformations. Herein, an effort made provide insightful information about the AM techniques, type applications including, but not limited tissue engineering, bionics, construction, smart textiles. This article incorporates current challenges prospects, hoping basis utilization this fields. It is expected that amalgamation with SRPs would unparalleled advantages arenas.

Language: Английский

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Additive manufacturing in polymer research: Advances, synthesis, and applications

Polymer Testing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 108364 - 108364

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

This study delves into how additive manufacturing has revolutionized the production of polymers over last three decades. Traditional polymer finds it difficult to fulfill demanding needs a wide range applications, even as faces issues with environmental sustainability and decreased plastic waste. On other hand, AM provides unmatched design freedom, expedited time-to-market, reduced material waste while enabling quick fabrication complex structures. The uses (AM) in consumer products, automotive, aerospace, medical implant sectors are examined this paper. Polymeric materials created by provide several benefits, including improved flexibility, less waste, lighter weight, ability include functionality. paper addresses need for emphasizing composition structural modification capabilities that brings synthesis. use methods evaluating quality performance AM, such scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric (TGA), differential calorimetry (DSC), is covered. review also highlights challenges facing now well its bright future, which might lead massive growth upheaval sectors. gives thorough overview changing field providing insights particular findings clearly stating goals, objectives, differences from earlier studies.

Language: Английский

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Additive manufacturing for sustainability and circular economy: needs, challenges, and opportunities for 3D printing of recycled polymeric waste

Materials Today Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100529 - 100529

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Polymer-based product usage rapidly increases globally, leading to severe ecological, social, environmental, health, and economic impacts. There has been an international push for solutions sustainable production, consumption, end-of-life plastics combat these issues. Moreover, additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) processes provide rapid fabrication of functional parts in lesser time, lower lead times, research development costs. Due reasons, are now being utilized different industrial sectors, including aerospace, automotive, biomedical, sports, food, electronics, construction. The circular economy concept integrated with AM can deliver a synergic impact new life discarded polymeric distributed recycling manufacturing. With the adoption proper techniques, be used widely reuse polymer wastes turn them into valuable products. It much higher levels at very low cost targeted applications. Therefore, this study, comprehensive literature review is performed outline guidelines model recycled polymers based on reviewed literature. This study delivers insight into; commodity their uses, challenges recycling, approaches, polymers.

Language: Английский

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3D and 4D Printing of PETG–ABS–Fe3O4 Nanocomposites with Supreme Remotely Driven Magneto-Thermal Shape-Memory Performance

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1398 - 1398

Published: May 14, 2024

This study introduces novel PETG–ABS–Fe3O4 nanocomposites that offer impressive 3D- and 4D-printing capabilities. These can be remotely stimulated through the application of a temperature-induced magnetic field. A direct granule-based FDM printer equipped with pneumatic system to control output melt flow is utilized print composites. addresses challenges associated using high weight percentage nanoparticles lack over geometry when producing precise continuous filaments. SEM results showed interface matrix was smooth uniform, increase in weakened printed layers. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 25.98 MPa for pure PETG–ABS sample 26.3 27.05 10% 15% Fe3O4 nanocomposites, respectively. accompanied by decrease elongation 15.15% 13.94% 12.78%. shape-memory performance reveal adding iron oxide not only enables indirect remote recovery but also improves effect. Improving heat transfer strengthening elastic component rate amount shape recovery. Nanocomposites containing 20% demonstrate superior subjected stimulation field, despite exhibiting low quality poor strength. Smart remote-control capabilities provide opportunities 4D printing diverse industries, particularly medicine, where rapid speed are essential minimally invasive procedures.

Language: Английский

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Shape-memory and self-healing properties of sustainable cellulosic nanofibers-based hybrid materials for novel applications

Giant, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100299 - 100299

Published: June 5, 2024

In the era of smart and sustainable technology driven by naturally occurring materials, various nanocellulose-based materials play a crucial role. Shape memory behaviour self-healing capabilities nanocelluloses are emerging as focal points in numerous research domains. Nanocellulose its derivatives such cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) nanofibers (CNF), currently limelight due to their excellent shape-memory properties, making them suitable for multifunctional devices. this regard, CNF, cutting-edge material, has spurred researchers explore potential developing contemporary personalized health Therefore, timely comprehensive review is essential gain deep insights into effectiveness CNF Herein, we first provide succinct introduction all nanocellulose materials. This also depicts recent advancements breakthroughs large effective synthesis CNF-based hybrid Next, focusing on performance, sheds new light advanced applications Finally, perspectives current challenges opportunities field summarized future an in-depth understanding "CNF-based materials."

Language: Английский

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An investigation of combined effect of infill pattern, density, and layer thickness on mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS by fused filament fabrication

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. e16531 - e16531

Published: May 23, 2023

Additive manufacturing technology and its benefits have a significant impact on different industrial applications. The 3D printing technologies help manufacture lightweight intricate geometrical designs with enhanced strengths. present study investigates the blended effects of previously recommended parameters infill patterns (line, triangle, concentric) densities (75, 80, 85%) varying thicknesses layers (100, 200, 300 μm). test samples were created through Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) printing. Mechanical properties evaluated tensile strength tests conducted in accordance ASTM standards. experimental investigation reveals that pattern greatly affected both strength. best results obtained concentric pattern, along 80% density 100 μm layer thickness. These conditions resulted 123% 115% higher 168% compared to line triangle patterns, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Recent trends in thermo‐responsive elastomeric shape memory polymer nanocomposites

Polymer Composites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(8), P. 4433 - 4458

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials, a class of stimuli‐responsive that can return to their initial shape from programmed temporary under the application external stimuli, such as light, heat, magnetism, and electricity. Because these unique features, SMPs find applications in many fields, like aerospace, biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, arrays, 4D printing. The comparatively low density, cost, easy biodegradability, biocompatibility make better candidate for applications. Among them, thermo‐responsive revert permanent depending on temperature greater than polymer transition temperature. Thermo‐responsive combine semi‐crystalline or elastomeric with improved mechanical electrical properties. Integrating nanofillers into elastomer matrices further enhance properties, forming shape‐memory nanocomposites (SMPNCs). This review focuses basics, design, classifications characteristics elastomers blends used. Incorporating various get SMPNCs have properties over is also presented. importance T g (glass temperature) m (melting based SMPNCs, used, methods preparation solution casting, melt compounding, situ polymerization, possible future discussed.

Language: Английский

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Parametric investigation and optimisation of mechanical properties of thick tri-material based composite of PLA-PETG-ABS 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication

Composites Part C Open Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 100392 - 100392

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Tri-material and tri-layered composites find numerous applications in the biomedical, aerospace, automotive industries. However, such face challenges when fabricated through conventional methods (Electrospinning, hand lay-up, Film Casting, In-situ polymerization), as interface bond strength, strength-to-mass ratio, etc. Additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate overcome these challenges. In this study, a tri-material based 3D-printed (TM3DP) polymer composite of polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was successfully processed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) for first time. The is that 33.3% PLA printed first, followed by PETG, and, end, ABS so PETG sandwiched between ABS. effect FFF processing parameters on tensile properties investigated. After preliminary experiments literature review, infill density (ID), printing speed (PS), layer thickness (LT) were selected main parameters. strength (TS) strain (ℇ) outputs (responses) study. Tensile testing performed after samples Instron Universal Testing Machine (5 KN). An analysis variance (ANOVA) also check significance process results concluded significant interaction state both properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) optical performed, which indicated various defects, including micropores, voids, micro / major delamination occurred conditions high LT, PS, low ID. This resulted TS 27.1 MPa ℇ 0.5 mm/mm. No defects observed under ID, highest 39.5 0.95. Finally, optimum suggested fabricating thick TM3DP samples, believed enhance ratio 16.4 % compared single solid base materials.

Language: Английский

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Metal and Polymer Based Composites Manufactured Using Additive Manufacturing—A Brief Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2564 - 2564

Published: June 2, 2023

This review examines the mechanical performance of metal- and polymer-based composites fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Composite materials have significantly influenced various industries due to their exceptional reliability effectiveness. As technology advances, new types composite reinforcements, such as novel chemical-based bio-based, fabrication techniques are utilized develop high-performance materials. AM, a widely popular concept poised shape development Industry 4.0, is also being in production Comparing AM-based processes traditional methods reveals significant variations resulting composites. The primary objective this offer comprehensive understanding applications diverse fields. Further on delves into intricate details composites, shedding light exploring sectors where they find utility.

Language: Английский

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Effect of silver nanoparticles on structural, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer nanocomposites

Polymer Composites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 3281 - 3287

Published: April 3, 2023

Abstract This paper presents the in‐situ chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with glycerol embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to synthesize (PVA/AgNPs) polymer nanocomposites different volume percentages AgNPs (2, 4, and 6) %v/v. X‐ray diffractometer shows (200) plane AgNPs, which appeared at 44.82° PVA/(2, %v/v films. However, (111), (220), (311) planes 2 θ (37.55°, 65.08°, 77.45°) respectively PVA 6%v/v only. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum a COC peak 1273 cm −1 is attributed stronger affinity on bonds matrix. The scanning electron microscope confirmed that all are open‐spherical or near‐spherical shape. Differential calorimetry decrease glass transition melting temperature pure from 64.62° 185.54° 53.09° 182.35° after incorporation AgNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis reduction thermal stability PVA/AgNPs films when compared PVA. electrical conductivity increased addition From Mechanical studies, values Young's modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength decreased increasing percentage.

Language: Английский

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